May 2, 1868.
The Economist, 2. Mai 1868. S. 495/496.
Schließen
The Late Bank of
Bombay.
Commission just appointed to inquire into collapse of Bank of Bombay. Failed despite its connection with the British Gvt.
In Folge des Gold influx wegen Cotton Schwindel. Bubble Cos The Economist: rife in
Schließen ripe at Bombay in 1863. The commercial directors of the Bank o. Bombay went deep into the
prevalent speculation. „One of them was the Chairman of the Victoria
Land and Press Co., the chairman of the Scott Press Co., the director of
the Mofussil Cotton Press Co., director of the Bombay Landing and
Shipping Co, partner in business with a director of the Frere Press Co.,
partner in business with a director of the Elphinstone Land and Press
Co., director of the Goa Coffee Co., director of the Western India Hotel
Co, director of the Port Canning Co, one of the local committe committee of the Asiatic Banking
Co, director of the Bombay Reclamation or Back Bay Co,
also member of the mercantile firm that were secretaries and treasurers
to the Victoria Land and Press Co, the Scott Press Co, the Bombay
Shipping Co, the Port Canning Co, and the Bombay Reclamation or Back Bay
Co.“, and others, though not engaged in quite so many Cos., still
engaged in many.
The analogous Banks of Bengal and Madras prohibited by their Charter from lending on the shares of „Public Companies“. Bombay Bank not so restricted, lent freely. The Bank was ready to promote every sort of bad local Co. And the persons to whom it lent were as bad as the securities. Previous to April 1865, sagt official Report, nicht only firms und individuals of mercantile position credited weit über ihre means, sondern auch „persons not even engaged in any ostensible commercial pursuits were accommodated with large sums of money, which could only have been required for purposes of share speculation.“ Out of its capital stock of 2,090,000l. it has lost nearly 2,000,000.
The Economist, 2. Mai 1868. S. 497–499.
Schließen
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (Ireland) Emigration, Wages, and Land.
(Eingesandt von
T. E. Cliffe, Leslie.[)]
The Edinburgh Review, ascribing the rise of money wages in Ireland to emigration adds: „We utterly reject the sentimental nonsense, which classes emigration among the misfortunes of Ireland. It is a blessing to the country. Nothing is more to be desired for the welfare of Ireland than that this emigration should be large and continuous.“
1) facts: Cairnes stated 21/2 years ago in the Economist: „We fail to perceive any solid improvement, scarcely any sensible improvement, in the present day labourers of Ireland as compared with their predecessors 20 years ago. Wages, no doubt, have risen in money, probably, on an average of the whole island, from 30 to 40 Pct. But potatoes have also risen, and in far more than this proportion. Indian corn is a new resource, but is by no means as cheap as potatoes formerly were. Tea and sugar have declined, but, on the other hands, whiskey has risen. As for butchers’ meat, it is of course as far as ever from the wildest dreams of the Irish peasant.“
Rise in wages is to a large extent nominal. Und die advocates of Emigration ascribe to it all the effects upon prices and commerce of roads, railways, proximity to English markets, increased demand in those markets, the equalisation of prices and the new gold mines. If Emigration were the chief cause of rise in the price of labour, it would have continued to rise with „large and continuous emigration“. For 9 years the money rate has remained stationary throughout the greater part of the island, and looking at the price of food, the real rate has considerably fallen in the last 2 years, while for some important kinds of labour wages have ceased altogether. See Fraser’s Magazine (May 1868) In many cases Emigration consequence of a fall of wages instead of the cause of a rise; in most cases, it has been the consequence of their continuing wretchedly low.
2) Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen Stupid theory, that Emigration must have raised wages by diminishing the
number of labourers.
Marx’ Worte. Mit der „wage-fund
doctrine“ beschäftigte sich Marx auch in „Heft 1. 1868“ der
„Hefte zur Agrikultur“ in seinen Exzerpten aus Henry
Fawcetts „The Economic Position of the British
Labourer“ (MEGA² IV/18.
S. 354/355; siehe ebenda. S. 1042/1043). sowie im „Heft zum
fixen Kapital und Kredit 1868“ in seinen Exzerpten aus Francis Davy
Longes „A Refutation of the Wage-Fund Theory of Modern
Political Economy as Enunciated by Mr. Mill and Mr.
Fawcett“ (MEGA² IV/18.
S. 756; siehe ebenda. S. 1190). Er kritisierte dieses Theorem im
ersten Band des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/5.
S. 493).
Schließen Der ganze Blödsinn mit den Aggregate Wages
Funds. »The result has been mistaken for the cause; and instead of
causing wages in each particular case to be what they are, the aggregate
amount of wages is the mere consequence of wages being what they are in
particular cases, and amounting in the aggregate to what they do.« If
only one labourer were left in the island, would he receive the whole of
that „aggregate wages-fund“, the ratio of which to the number of
labourers is said to determine the price of labour? Is it not possible
that he might earn even less? … Is it impossible that employers may do
without labour, or find substitutes for it, instead of raising its price
as it grows scarce? Have employers not in point of fact dispensed with
labour extensively in Ireland? where more than 1/2 million of acres have gone out
of cultivation since 1860, where little more than 1/4 of an island
especially adapted to root crops remains under crops, and where
a startling decline has taken place in the produce of agriculture. … The economist economists
Marx’ Worte. The Economist:
schoolmen
Schließen (like the scholastic realists) imagine that wages in particular cases are made what they are by
participation in a general fund called wages in general, which inheres
in every individual labourer’s wages.
3) Marx’
Wort.
Schließen Zweck von all diesem
Geschwätz to divert attention from the real causes of Irish
emigration, and to leave things as they are … Man hat sogar zu diesem
Behuf gesagt, that Irish tenants farm all the worse for security
und daß the worst farmed part of the island is 1/13 under lease.
Marx’ Worte. Leslie führt eine Reihe von
Argumenten gegen die im vorherigen Satz geäußerte Behauptung
an.
Schließen Humbuggery! |68 … At this moment in contemplation to introduce locomotive flax scutching machines for the small
farmers in Ulster.
Inhalt:
- January 4, 1868.
- January 11, 1868.
- Railways und State Control.
-
Caledonian Railway.
(Report of Committ. of
Investigation)
- Contract
Corporation (Lim.)
(Chancery in)
- Insurance Cos. Their Getting up and
Winding up (Workingmen
beschissen).
- Silk in 1867. (Annual Circular of Durant et
Co.)
- Agricultural Implements. 1867. (Annual
Circular of Burgess and Key.)
- Railways und State Control.
- January 18, ’68.
- 25. January 1868.
- The Stock and Share Markets during 1867.
- Italian Deficits.
-
Midland Railway.
(Börsenmogelei und
Directors.)
-
Caledonian
Railway. (Ersatz des
Verschleisses.)
- Banks and Railway Cos.
- Overend,
Gurney et Co. (lim.) Report of the
Liquidators.
- Capital of Railways in U. Kingd. Board of Trade
Return. (für 1866)
- Lawyers and railways
- Railway Trains (1866)
- Causes of Commercial Depression. (Eingesandt
von
G.
Townend. Mincing Lane.)
- The Stock and Share Markets during 1867.
- 1 February, 1868.
- 8 February 1868.
- 15 February, 1868.
- 22 February 1868.
- 29. February 1868.
- 7. March. 1868.
- March 14, 1868.
- March 21, 1868.
- March 28, 1868.
- April 4. 1868.
- April 11. 1868.
- 18 April 1868.
- April 25, 1868.
- May 2, 1868.
- May 9, 1868.
- May 16.
1866
1868
.
- 23. May 1868.
- May 30, 1868.
- June 13, 1868.
- June 20. 1868.
- June 27. 1868.
- July 11. 1868.
- Alderman
Dakin.
- H. E.
Bird, public Accountant, Estimate of Railway (nach
den official accounts der Directors
(!))
- Labor of Superintendence. Venezuelan Loan.
(„Venezuela: Its Government and its People, and the History of
the Loan of 1864. By E. B. Eastwick, C. B. F.R.S., late
Secretary of legation at the Court of Persia; and
Commissioner for the Venezuelan Loan for 1864.“ (London.
1868.))
- Income Tax. Ireland.
- Australian Gold. Imports in U. Kingd.
for 10 J. end. 1867 (inclusive).
- Alderman
Dakin.
- July 18. 1868.
- July 25. 1868.
- August 1. 1868.
- August 8. 1868.
- 15 August. 1868.
- 22. August. 1868.
- August 29. 1868.
- 5 September. 1868.
- 12. September 1868.
- September 19. 1868.
- 26. September. 1868.
- October 3. 1868.
- October 10, 1868.
- October 17. 1868.
- October 24. 1868.
- October 31. 1868.
- November 7. 1868.
- November 14. 1868.
- November 21. 1868.
- 28 November 1868.
- 5 December 1868.
- 12 December 1868.
- 19 December 1868.
- Nachtrag zu November 14. 1868.
- 26 December 1868.
- January 4, 1868.
- 11 January 1868.
- 25 January. 1868.
- 1 February, 1868.
- February 8, 1868.
- February 15, 1868.
- February 22. 1868.
- 29 February. 1868.
- March 7, 1868.
- March 14. 1868.
- 21 March. 1868.
- 28 March 1868.
- April 4. 1868.
- April 11. 1868.
- April 18. 1868.
- April 25. 1868.
- May 2, 1868.
- May 16, 1868.
- May 23. 1868.
- May 30. 1868.
- June 6. 1868.
- July 4, 1868.
- June 13, 1868.
- June 27, 1868.
- July 11, 1868.
- Contract Price per Cwt. for Bread.
(figures just issued by the Board of Guardians of
Whitechapel).
- Sir Morton
Peto and the London,
Chatham, and Dover Co.
- Finance versus Finance. (Lewis. Hauptschwindler)
- From: Annual Report (1868) of the Irish Poor Law
Commissioners.
- Amount of gold, silver, and copper monies coined in
each year 1853–67.
- Contract Price per Cwt. for Bread.
(figures just issued by the Board of Guardians of
Whitechapel).
- July 18. 1868.
- August 1, 1868.
- August 8, 1868.
- August 15, 1868.
- August 22, 1868.
- October 10. 1868.
- November. 21. 1868.
- December 5, 1868.
- December 12, 1868.
- December 26, 1868.
- Ch. I Definition:
- Ch. II. International Indebtedness
- Ch. III. Various Classes of Foreign Bills in which
International Indebtedness is ultimately embodied.
- Ch. IV. Fluctuations in the price of foreign
bills.
- Ch. V. Interpretation of the Foreign
Exchanges.
- Ch. VI. Socalled Correctives of the Foreign
Exchanges.
- I)
Wechselrechnung etc.
-
Intermezzo. (Kettenregel, und Prozentrechnung)
- Alligationsrechnung.
-
Procentrechnung.
- Zinsrechnung.
- A) Einfache Zinsen.
A) Einfache Zinsen.
- I)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen eines Kapitals.
- II)
Aufsuchung des Kapitals.
- III)
Aufsuchung des Zinsfusses.
- IV)
Aufsuchung der Zeit.
- V)
Aufsuchung eines um die Zinsen vermehrten
Kapitals.
- VI)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen oder des Kapitals,
welche in einem, Kapital u. Zinsen darstellenden,
Werth enthalten sind.
- VII)
Aufsuchung eines mittleren Zinsfusses für
mehrere Kapitalien.
- I)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen eines Kapitals.
- B)
Berechnung Zusammengesezter Zinsen.
- A) Einfache Zinsen.
A) Einfache Zinsen.
-
Discontrechnung.
-
Terminrechnung. (Reductionsrechnung, Zeitrechnung)
-
Wechselrechnung (cont. von
p. 118)