January 4, 1868.
The Economist, 4. Januar 1868. S. 1.
Schließen
Money Market. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Notes Reserves mit Country Banks.[)]
B.o.E. Notes with the Public | 1 Jan. ’68. | 2 Jan. 67 | 3 Jan. ’66. |
£24,842,000 | £23,740,000 | £22,200,000 |
Der „Economist“ meint, daß die increase of 21/2 Mill. in the outstanding notes tells significantly of the larger Actual Note Reserves kept by Country Bankers.
The Economist, 4. Januar 1868. S. 1–3.
Schließen
The Alleged Degeneration of England in Commercial
Morality.
Spectator (chorus of lamentation over the pitiable
condition of commercial morality in this country) affirms „that
dishonesty is the besetting sin of the middle class.“ Aber Frage:
„whether the commercial class of to-day is positively less honest than
the commercial class of the last generation?“ … Not at all … Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen Seine doctrin: Die „latent immorality“ gleich groß. Besondre
Umstände develop sie nur oder besondre temptation. Kommentar von Marx.
Schließen ⦗Der Esel sagt das indeß alles zur Vertheidigung
der present Commercial Morality.⦘ Great openings for safe fraud suddenly presented … What is it
which really tries commercial morality in its
most delicate essence? Clearly, a widely ramified system of credit. It is no great moral achievement not to
cheat in a ready-money transaction … No national character for
commercial honesty can … be fairly established at all, until thoroughly
tried and tested by an extensive system of credit. Aber credit never
developed in any age of the world, or country at the present time, wie
recently in England und U. States. Man
kann daher nicht compare the England or America of 1867 (in Bezug auf
entwikeltes Creditsystem) mit France or Germany of 1867, or
even mit England und America of 1837 or 1847. Und
dann, nützlicher to compare a commercial morality exposed to the newest,
most complicated, and heaviest possible trials, with a commercial
morality exposed to very much less complicated and much lighter trials,
and trials of a kind to which it had already become inured. Take
Railways. Englisch Railways nicht subject to State Control, wie
die meisten Foreign ones. Die Vergleichung fails
again. … England nur zu vergleichen mit U. States, und
da der comparison is not disgraceful to England.
The Economist, 4. Januar 1868. S. 4.
Schließen
Considerable Fall in Prices. Seit 1866.
Articles | 1 Jan. 1868 | 1 Jan. 1867. | 1 Jan. 1866. | 1868 less than | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1867 | 1866 | ||||
I) | P.Ct. | P.Ct. | |||
1) Cotton. Dhollera lb. | 51/2d. | 121/2d. | 171/4d. | 58 | 70 |
2) Silk Raw. Cossim lb. | 16s. | 19s. | 20s. | 18 | 20 |
3) Flax. St. Petersburg. ton. | £53 | £54 | £80 | … | 34 |
4) Wool. English S. D. 240 lb. | £141/2 | £19 | £22 | 24 | 33 |
II) | |||||
5) Oil, Seal, Pale. 252 gls. | £41. | £46 | £50 | 10 | 20 |
6) Saltpetre. Eng. Refin. cwt. | 31s. | 24s. | 28s. | … | … |
7) Copper. T. C. ton | £76. | £86 | £106 | 10 | 29 |
8) Iron. – B. Bars. | £61/2 | £7 | £8 | 8 | 20 |
9) Tin. – English Bars. | £96. | £85 | £104 | … | 8 |
III) | |||||
10) Yarn. Mule. 40.’s 40’s lb. | 111/2d. | 21d. | 30d. | 46 | 64 |
11) Cotton Cloth – Gold End. | 10s. 4d. | 15s. 9d. | 18s. 6d. | 37 | 44 |
During the same time, the wages in all the trades dependent on these raw
materials have fallen from 20 to 30%. The cost of producing most of the
great articles of export composing our foreign trade has been reduced
1/3 during the
last 2 years. Suffering and distress inflicted by this gigantic
revulsion was inevitable. Terrible penalty entailed by the infatuated
notions of the Prosperity years. Export Trade feels Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (!) schon the effect of this Cheapness.
Value. Million £. | Quantities. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Articles. | 1867. | 1866. | 1865. | 1867. | 1866. | 1865. |
Mlns. | Mlns. | Mlns. | ||||
Cotton Yarn. |
13.7£ |
12.4 |
9.3. |
153 |
126 |
94 lbs |
Cotton Piece Goods. | 48.8 | 53.1 | 41.0 | 2,567 | 2,341 | 1,850 yards |
62.5 | 65.5 | 50.3 | 2,720 | 2,467 | 1,944 | |
Iron. Puddled et Pig. |
1.6 |
1.4. |
1.4 |
0.53 |
0.45 |
0.49 tons |
Bar and Bolt | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.23 |
Rail | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.40 |
8.4 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 1.35 | 1.16 | 1.12 tons | |
Iron. Total. All kinds. | 14.2 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 1.77 | 1.56 | 1.48 tons. |
Woollen Cloths. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 29.47 | 32.31 | 24.27 Yards |
The Economist, 4. Januar 1868. S. 9–11.
Schließen
French Companies. (From „Le Finance“.
1866.[)]
In 1866 Calls made in France for French Cos. 496,000,000 (round figures) und für Foreign Cos. 514,000,000f. Davon waren:
In: French Companies: Comptoir d’Escompte (30 Mill. fc.) Société Générale (30 Mill. fc.) The Fives-Lille (6,150,000f.) Railways 300 Mls. fc.
In Foreign Undertakings: Suez Canal (100 Mill. f.) Austrian Credit Foncier (115 Mill. f.) Nagares of the Span. Gvt. (47,500,000f.) Conversion of Spanish Debt (2,500,000f. Tunisian Loan (31,500,000f.) Russian loan (89,500,000f.) Danub. Princip. (31,500,000) Austrian Railways: 33,750,000f.|
The Economist, 4. Januar 1868. S. 11.
Schließen
Annual Rate of Mortality in 1867 per 1000 persons
living in great cities of U. Kingd.
London, 23, Bristol, 23, Birmingham, 24, Sheffield, 25, Hull, 25, Leeds, 27, Edinburgh 27, Dublin 27, Salford 29, Glasgow, 29, Liverpool 30, Manchester 31, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 31. Decrease in almost all the towns upon the rates of 1866.
I) U. Kingdom.
-
1) Money Market, Bank o. E. etc, Currency. Exchange.
- Movement at Bank o. England and Clearing House. 1868. (p. 3–10) Notes to same. (13–18)
- Capital of Bank o. E. (44) Profits of (29) Joint Stock Banks Profits und Rate of Discount (23, 28) Banking Progress, First Half Year ’68 (39)
- Money Market. Anfang 1868 (59) March (64) October (47, 48) August. Alleged Influence of French Loan (78)
- Bank Act. 1844 and Gold Export. (4 41)
- Changes in Rates of Discounts. Action and Reaction. (50) 28 Nov. und Dec. 5 (54)
- Annual Average Minimum Discount Rates of B.o.E. (42)
- Influences of Prices of Articles on Money Market (65)
- Gold, Silver, and Copper coined 1853–’67 (75)
- Gold Imported und Exported. U. Kingd. 1858–1867. (75)
- Worn Coin (31)
- Seignorage on Coin (46)
- Amount and Condition of Gold Coinage in U. Kingd. (Jevons) (80–84)
- Foreign Settlements on London Stock Exchange. (53)
- Negotiations of Foreign Bills of Exchange in London (65)
- 2) Crisis of 1866 und
Nachwirkungen.
- Das Jahr 1867. Bullion movement. (42) Rate of Discount (19) Dates of ’67 (21) Silk. Agricultural Implements. (22) Its Commercial etc aspects (19) Alterations in values of securities (20, 23)
- Causes of Present Depression (22, 25), Influence of Commercial Depression on Railway Revenue (44, 45)
- Crisis of ’66 und Nachwehn. (31) Fall of Revenue ’68 (70)
- Panic and investments. (40) Market Value of Financial Co’s. Shares (33–35)
- Fall in Prices since ’66. (59)
- Nature of Commercial Crises. (61) Agra and Masterman’s Bank (40)
- 3) Commercial Morality.
- Greenland. (19) Leeds Banking Co. (37) Contract Corporation (21) Insurance Cos. Bescheissen von workmen (21, 22)
- Overends. (24, 30, 57) Commercial Credit and Morality (31, 39) Winding up of Cos. in Chancery (49)
- A Joint Stock Discount Syndicate. (25) Director’s Liability. (36) Alderman Dakin (38) Frauds of Directors in Winding up (voluntary) (54, 55)
- Bank Directors and Promotion of Public Cos. (79)
- London Flour Co. (32) City Offices Co. (32) Internat. Contract Co. (33) European Bank (35, 36) Bank o. Bombay (36, 37) Smith etc (40) General Estates Co. (41, 42) Grand Trunk Railway of Canada (43) Royal Bank of Liverpool (45) Merchant’s Co (45, 46)
- Peto. (64, 65, 73, 74)
- Finance versus finance. Leopold Lewis (74)
- Troubles of shareholders. (57) Joint Stock Cos. Parli. Return. May 1868 (46)
- English Commercial Morality vertheidigt durch „Economist“. (59)
- 4) Railways.
- State Control (21)
- Caledonian (21) (28, 29) Accounts. Ersatz des Verschleisses (24)
- Midland Rail. Börsenmogelei und Directors. (24)
- Brighton Railway Verschleiß von steamers (25) Falsification of Accounts. Working Expenses (34) Wear and Tear (31) Paying weight, dead weight (28) Construction and Management (31) Steel and Iron rails. (26)
- Patterson: Railway Finance (27) (29)
- Railway Trains. 1866. (25, 30)
- Capital of Railways in U. Kingd. 1866 (24, 42) in 1867 etc (55, 56)
- Bird: Railway Accounts. (27) Estimate of intrinsic Value id. (38, 39) Railways Accounts defended durch Saturday Revue (27)
- Railway Profits. Delusive Gvt. figures. Their Competition. (22)| 88
- Railways, 1845–46. Hudson. (37, 38)
- Banks and Railway Cos. (24) Lawyers and Rail. (24)
- Chatham, Lond., Dover and Landed Property (45)
- Rates charged on goods in Ireland on a main line. (84)
- New Act of ’68 (41)
- Injuries from vibration und smoke of Railways (34)
- 5) Cotton.
- Cotton Prices 1866, ’67, 68 (28) Manchester Trade Circular Jan. 1868 (27)
- Import, Export. 1867. (30)
- Market 1868 (32, 43, 48, 49, 50, 56)
- Cotton in U. States. (57, 58)
- Cotton Statistics Bill. (35, 37, 40, 68)
- 6) Wheat.
- Importations. 1868 (43) Imports ’66, ’67, 68 (53)
- Average Cornprices. (67)
- Sources from which U. Kingd. draws wheat. Rangliste der in U. Kingd. wheat importirenden Ländern changed in last years. U. St. Russia. Germ. (71, 72)
- Contract price per cwt. for Bread. Board of Guardians of Whitechapel 1864–68 (73)
- 7) Notes on Trade. (facts, Statistics)
- Board of Trade Returns. (29, 31, 40, 44, 48)
- Foreign Trade. First Half Year ’66, ’67, ’68 (43, 52, 53)
- Imports, Exports ’68. (62)
- Wool Trade. Oct. 68 (45)
- 8) Land
- Freetrade in. (Fawcett) (58)
- Rent and Value of Land. (60)
- Peasantry Proprietors. (61, 62)
- Ownership and Occupation of land (72, 73)
- Paternal Landlordism. (86)
- 9) Wages, Pauperism, Unions etc. Incomes, Taxes
etc.
- Insolvency of Trades’ Unions. (69)
- Bonus System (68, 69) Industrial Partnership etc (71)
- Meeting of Ironmasters. Reduction of Wages. (66)
- Collieries. Insurance (56)
- Pauper Expenditure in Metropoles since 1863. (68)
- Labor of Superintendence (Venezuela) (38)
- Bill for abolishing Houses unfit for human habitation. (70)
- National Income. (Dudley Baxter) (26, 27)
- State Revenue and its sources. (51, 52) The Succession Duties. (60)
- 9) Miscellaneous.
- Fires and Incendiarism. (58)
- Council of Foreign Bondholders (49)
- Conversion of Iron into steel. (46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 56)
- Annual Rate of Mortality U. K. 1867 (60)
- 10) Ireland.
- Income Tax (39)
- Emigration. Wages etc (67, 68)
- Annual Report of Poor Law Commissioners 1852–1867 (74)
Inhalt:
- January 4, 1868.
- January 11, 1868.
- Railways und State Control.
-
Caledonian Railway.
(Report of Committ. of
Investigation)
- Contract
Corporation (Lim.)
(Chancery in)
- Insurance Cos. Their Getting up and
Winding up (Workingmen
beschissen).
- Silk in 1867. (Annual Circular of Durant et
Co.)
- Agricultural Implements. 1867. (Annual
Circular of Burgess and Key.)
- Railways und State Control.
- January 18, ’68.
- 25. January 1868.
- The Stock and Share Markets during 1867.
- Italian Deficits.
-
Midland Railway.
(Börsenmogelei und
Directors.)
-
Caledonian
Railway. (Ersatz des
Verschleisses.)
- Banks and Railway Cos.
- Overend,
Gurney et Co. (lim.) Report of the
Liquidators.
- Capital of Railways in U. Kingd. Board of Trade
Return. (für 1866)
- Lawyers and railways
- Railway Trains (1866)
- Causes of Commercial Depression. (Eingesandt
von
G.
Townend. Mincing Lane.)
- The Stock and Share Markets during 1867.
- 1 February, 1868.
- 8 February 1868.
- 15 February, 1868.
- 22 February 1868.
- 29. February 1868.
- 7. March. 1868.
- March 14, 1868.
- March 21, 1868.
- March 28, 1868.
- April 4. 1868.
- April 11. 1868.
- 18 April 1868.
- April 25, 1868.
- May 2, 1868.
- May 9, 1868.
- May 16.
1866
1868
.
- 23. May 1868.
- May 30, 1868.
- June 13, 1868.
- June 20. 1868.
- June 27. 1868.
- July 11. 1868.
- Alderman
Dakin.
- H. E.
Bird, public Accountant, Estimate of Railway (nach
den official accounts der Directors
(!))
- Labor of Superintendence. Venezuelan Loan.
(„Venezuela: Its Government and its People, and the History of
the Loan of 1864. By E. B. Eastwick, C. B. F.R.S., late
Secretary of legation at the Court of Persia; and
Commissioner for the Venezuelan Loan for 1864.“ (London.
1868.))
- Income Tax. Ireland.
- Australian Gold. Imports in U. Kingd.
for 10 J. end. 1867 (inclusive).
- Alderman
Dakin.
- July 18. 1868.
- July 25. 1868.
- August 1. 1868.
- August 8. 1868.
- 15 August. 1868.
- 22. August. 1868.
- August 29. 1868.
- 5 September. 1868.
- 12. September 1868.
- September 19. 1868.
- 26. September. 1868.
- October 3. 1868.
- October 10, 1868.
- October 17. 1868.
- October 24. 1868.
- October 31. 1868.
- November 7. 1868.
- November 14. 1868.
- November 21. 1868.
- 28 November 1868.
- 5 December 1868.
- 12 December 1868.
- 19 December 1868.
- Nachtrag zu November 14. 1868.
- 26 December 1868.
- January 4, 1868.
- 11 January 1868.
- 25 January. 1868.
- 1 February, 1868.
- February 8, 1868.
- February 15, 1868.
- February 22. 1868.
- 29 February. 1868.
- March 7, 1868.
- March 14. 1868.
- 21 March. 1868.
- 28 March 1868.
- April 4. 1868.
- April 11. 1868.
- April 18. 1868.
- April 25. 1868.
- May 2, 1868.
- May 16, 1868.
- May 23. 1868.
- May 30. 1868.
- June 6. 1868.
- July 4, 1868.
- June 13, 1868.
- June 27, 1868.
- July 11, 1868.
- Contract Price per Cwt. for Bread.
(figures just issued by the Board of Guardians of
Whitechapel).
- Sir Morton
Peto and the London,
Chatham, and Dover Co.
- Finance versus Finance. (Lewis. Hauptschwindler)
- From: Annual Report (1868) of the Irish Poor Law
Commissioners.
- Amount of gold, silver, and copper monies coined in
each year 1853–67.
- Contract Price per Cwt. for Bread.
(figures just issued by the Board of Guardians of
Whitechapel).
- July 18. 1868.
- August 1, 1868.
- August 8, 1868.
- August 15, 1868.
- August 22, 1868.
- October 10. 1868.
- November. 21. 1868.
- December 5, 1868.
- December 12, 1868.
- December 26, 1868.
- Ch. I Definition:
- Ch. II. International Indebtedness
- Ch. III. Various Classes of Foreign Bills in which
International Indebtedness is ultimately embodied.
- Ch. IV. Fluctuations in the price of foreign
bills.
- Ch. V. Interpretation of the Foreign
Exchanges.
- Ch. VI. Socalled Correctives of the Foreign
Exchanges.
- I)
Wechselrechnung etc.
-
Intermezzo. (Kettenregel, und Prozentrechnung)
- Alligationsrechnung.
-
Procentrechnung.
- Zinsrechnung.
- A) Einfache Zinsen.
A) Einfache Zinsen.
- I)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen eines Kapitals.
- II)
Aufsuchung des Kapitals.
- III)
Aufsuchung des Zinsfusses.
- IV)
Aufsuchung der Zeit.
- V)
Aufsuchung eines um die Zinsen vermehrten
Kapitals.
- VI)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen oder des Kapitals,
welche in einem, Kapital u. Zinsen darstellenden,
Werth enthalten sind.
- VII)
Aufsuchung eines mittleren Zinsfusses für
mehrere Kapitalien.
- I)
Aufsuchung der Zinsen eines Kapitals.
- B)
Berechnung Zusammengesezter Zinsen.
- A) Einfache Zinsen.
A) Einfache Zinsen.
-
Discontrechnung.
-
Terminrechnung. (Reductionsrechnung, Zeitrechnung)
-
Wechselrechnung (cont. von
p. 118)