[Money Market. 1868.]
Bank of England
and Money Market.
Week ending | 1) Circulation issued | 2) Circulation active | 3) Bullion in Issue Department | 4) Reserve Notes. | 5) Reserve Coin. | 6) Total Reserve. | 7) Public Deposits. | 8) Private Deposits | 9) Public securities. | 10) Private Securities. | 11) Total of Coin and Bullion. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. January | £35,971,840. Incr. £134,640 | 24,242,055. I 879,190 | 20,971,840 | 11,729,785 D 744,550 | 1,089,888 | 12,819,673 D 758,509 | 6,314,203 D 864,554 | 21,654,971 I 2,888,766 | 13,269,046 I 249,843 | 20,125,012 I. 2,606,510 | 22,061,728 I. 120,681 |
8. 〃 〃 | 35,959,050 Decr. 12,790 | 24,233,855 D. 8,200 | 20,959,050 | 11,725,195 D 4,590 | 1,101,020 | 12,826,215 I 6,542 | 3,650,829. D. 2,663,374 | 23,416,607. I 1,761,636 | 14,369,046 I. 1,100,000 | 18,300,904 D. 1,824,108 | 22,060,070 D. 1,658 |
15. 〃 〃 | 36,003,735 I. 44,685 | 24,324,770. I. 90,915 | 21,003,735 | 11,678,965 D. 46,230 | 1,082,478 | 12,761,443 D. 64,772 | 3,324,627 D 426,202 | 23,000,437 D 416,170 | 14,569,046 I. 200,000 | 17,396,823 D. 904,081 | 22,086,213 I. 26,143 |
22. 〃 〃 | 36,080,920 I. 77,185 | 23,868,870 D. 455,900 | 21,080,920 | 12,212,050 I. 533,085 | 1,119,983 | 13,332,033 I. 570,590 | 3,251,923 D. | 22,649,575 D 350,862 | 14,269,046 D. 300,000 | 16,810,986 D. 585,837 | 22,200,903. I. 114,690 |
29. 〃 〃 | 36,203,520 I 122,600 | 23,474,530 D 394,340 | 21,203,520 | 12,728,990 I 516,940 | 1,116,105 | 13,845,095 I 513,062 | 3,545,269. I 293,346 | 22,523,345 D 126,230 | 14,068,246 D. 200,800 | 16,616,358 D. 194,628 | 22,319,625 I. 118,722 |
5. February | 35,642,785 D 560,735 | 23,679,380 I 204,850 | 20,642,785 | 11,963,405 D. 765,585 | 1,112,449 | 13,075,854 D. 769,241 | 4,110,382 I 565,113 | 20,949,243 D 1,574,102 | No Change | 16,443,736 D 172,622 | 21,755,234. D 564,391 |
12 〃 〃 | 35,378,390 D 264,395 | 23,503,315 D 176,065 | 20,378,390 | 11,875,075 D 88,330 | 1,227,570 | 13,102,645 I. 26,791 | 4,055,138 D. 55,244 | 21,038,825 I. 89,582 | 13,968,079 D. 100,167. | 16,499,309 I. 55,573 | 21,605,960. D. 149,274 |
19 〃 〃 | 34,977,845 D 400,545 | 23,373,160 D 130,155 | 19,977,845 | 11,604,685 D. 270,390 | 1,214,304 | 12,818,989 D 283,656 | 4,048,567. D. 6,571 | 20,003,424 D 1,035,401 | 13,468,079 D. 500,000 | 16,265,356. D. 233,953 | 21,192,149 D. 413,811 |
26 〃 〃 | 35,122,490 I 144,645 | 23,117,850 D 255,310 | 20,122,490 | 12,004,640 I. 399,955 | 1,227,299 | 13,231,939 I 412,950 | 4,459,713 I. 411,146 | 19,815,396 D 188,028 | 13,268,079 D. 200,000 | 16,205,515 D. 59,841 | 21,349,789. I. 157,640 |
4. March. | 34,974,270 D 148,220 | 23,593,380 I 475,530 | 19,974,270 | 11,380,890 D 623,750 | 1,161,922 | 12,542,812 D 689,127 | 4,708,017 I. 248,304. | 19,913,829 I 98,433 | No Change | 17,511,714 I 1,306,199 | 21,136,192 D. 213,597 |
11. 〃 〃 | 34,876,965 D 97,305 | 23,175,015 D 418,365 | 19,876,955 | 11,701,950 I. 321,060 | 1,302,565 | 13,004,515 I. 461,703 | 4,856,122 I. 148,105 | 20,326,190 I 412,361 | No Change. | 17,572,261 I. 60,547 | 21,179,530 I. 43,338 |
18. 〃 〃 | 34,994,600 I. 117,635 | 23,027,625 D 147,390 | 19,994,600 | 11,966,975 I 265,025 | 1,286,827 | 13,253,802 I 249,287 | 5,927,224 I. 1,071,102 | 19,737,714 D 588,476 | 13,272,162 I. 4,083 | 17,777,440 I 205,179 | 21,281,427 I 101,897. |
25. 〃 〃 | 35,099,805 I 105,205 | 23,334,865 I 307,240 | 20,099,805 | 11,764,940 D 202,035 | 1,338,278 | 13,103,218 D 150,584 | 7,287,476 I 1,360,252 | 19,502,226 D 235,488 | No Change | 19,039,938. I 1,262,398 | 21,438,083 I 156,656 |
Week end. 1 Jan. | Thursday. Dec. 26.
£6,061,100 |
Friday. Dec. 27.
8,707,000 |
Saturday. Dec. 28.
9,838,000 |
Monday. Dec. 30.
16,907,000 |
Tuesday. Dec. 31.
14,083,000 |
Wednesday. Jan. 1.
9,557,000 |
Total. £.
65,153,000 |
8. Jan. |
Jan. 2.
£9,673,000 |
Jan. 3.
9,791,000 |
Jan. 4.
13,422,000 |
Jan. 6
10,009,000 |
Jan. 7.
12,221,000 |
Jan. 8
10,217,000 |
Total. £.
65,333,000 |
15. Jan. |
Jan. 9.
£7,508,000 |
Jan. 10.
10,124,000 |
Jan. 11
9,998,000 |
Jan. 13
11,105,000 |
Jan. 14
10,009,000 |
Jan. 15
18,985,000 |
67,729,000 |
22 Jan. |
Jan. 16
£11,177,000 |
Jan. 17.
11,256,000 |
Jan. 18
12,397,000 |
Jan. 20
9,643,000 |
Jan. 21
9,836,000 |
Jan. 22
9,158,000 |
63,467,000 |
29 Jan. |
Jan. 23
£8,661,000 |
Jan. 24
8,589,000 |
Jan. 25
9,857,000 |
Jan. 27
7,505,000 |
Jan. 28
8,764,000 |
Jan. 29
7,788,000 |
51,164,000 |
5. Febr. |
Jan. 30
£10,198,000 |
Jan. 31.
20,452,000 |
Feb. 1
13,012,000 |
Feb. 3
9,755,000 |
Febr. 4.
12,802,000 |
Febr. 5
9,976,000 |
76,195,000 |
12 Feb. |
Febr. 6
£11,255,000 |
Febr. 7.
9,301,000 |
Febr. 8
9,792,000 |
Feb. 10
8,592,000 |
Febr. 11
8,968,000 |
Febr. 12
8,059,000 |
55,967,000 |
19 Febr. |
Febr. 13.
£8,735,000 |
Febr. 14
22,531,000 |
Febr. 15
14,217,000 |
Feb. 17
10,877,000 |
Febr. 18
10,844,000 |
Febr. 19
8,851,000 |
76,055,000 |
26 Feb. |
Febr. 20
£7,779,000 |
Febr. 21
8,326,000 |
Febr. 22
9,959,000 |
Febr. 24
8,736,000 |
Feb. 25
10,916,000 |
Febr. 26
8,330,000 |
54,046,000 |
4 March |
Feb. 27
£8,874,000 |
Feb. 28
21,041,000 |
Feb. 29.
13,533,000 |
March [2]
11,306,000 |
March 3.
12,059,000 |
March 4.
11,368,000 |
78,181,000 |
[11] March | March 5 £11,411,000 |
March 6. 9,708,000 |
March 7. 13,679,000 |
Ma[rch 9]
9,462,000 |
March 10 8,901,000 |
March 11 7,187,000 |
60,348,000 |
[18] March | March 12 £8,515,000 |
March 13 20,965,000 |
March 14 12,578,000 |
Mar[ch 16]
11,783,000 |
March 17. 10,145,000 |
March 18 8,859,000 |
72,845,000 |
[25 M]arch | March 19 £7,935,000 |
March 20 9,354,000 |
March 21 10,546,000 |
Mar[ch 23]
9,348,000 |
March 24 9,104,000 |
March 25 7,443,000 |
53,730,000. | |
Week ending. | 1) Circulation Issued. | 2) Circulation active. | 3) Bullion. Is. Dpt. | 4) Reserve Notes. | 5) Coin (Reserve) | 6) Total Reserve. | 7) Public Deposits. | 8) Private Deposits. | 9) Pub. Securities. | 10) Private Securities. | 11) Total of Coin and Bullion. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. April. | £34,935,295 D 164,510 | 24,167,805 I. 832,940. | 19,935,295 | 10,767,490 D 997,450 | 1,168,817 | 11,936,307 D 1,166,911 | 6,910,477 D. 376,999 | 20,291,680 I. 789,454 | 13,271,754 D. 408 | 20,698,418 I. 1,658,580 | 21,104,112 Decr. 333,971. |
8. 〃 〃 | 34,728,315 D 206,980 | 24,611,045 I 443,240 | 19,728,315 | 10,117,270 D 650,220 | 1,096,762 | 11,214,996 D. 721,311 | 3,894,180 D. 3,016,297 | 21,146,623 I 854,943 | 13,268,000 D. 3,754 | 18,715,640 D 1,982,778 | 20,825,077 D. 279,035. |
15. 〃 〃 | 34,586,995 D 141,320 | 24,464,095 D 146,950 | 19,586,995 | 10,122,900 I 5,630 | 1,124,285 | 11,247,185 I 32,189 | 4,030,116 I 135,936 | 20,157,426 D. 989,197 | 13,277,696 I. 9,696 | 17,798,321 D 917,319 | 20,711,280 D. 113,797. |
22. 〃 〃 | 34,315,565 D 271,430 | 23,940,020 D 524,075 | 19,315,565 | 10,375,545 I 252,645 | 1,211,535 | 11,587,080 I. 339,895 | 4,219,175 I 189,059 | 20,349,041 I 191,615 | No change. | 17,832,848 I 34,527 | 20,527,100 D. 184,180 |
29. 〃 〃 | 34,387,470 I. 71,905 | 24,151,105 I. 211,085 | 19,387,440 | 10,236,365 D. 139,180 | 1,245,416 | 11,481,781 D. 105,299 | 4,800,109 I. 580,934 | 19,916,893 D. 432,148 | No change | 18,083,775 I. 250,927 | 20,632,886 I. 105,786. |
6. May. | 34,234,165 D. 153,305 | 24,454,885 I. 303,780 | 19,234,165 | 9,779,280 D. 457,085 | 1,168,827 | 10,948,107. D. 533,674 | 5,128,327. I. 328,218 | 20,209,045 I. 292,152 | No change. | 19,238,404. I. 1,154,629 | 20,402,992 D. 229,894. |
13. 〃 〃 | 33,993,545 D. 240,620 | 23,978,430 D. 476,455 | 18,993,545 | 10,015,115 I. 235,835 | 1,297,843 | 10,015,115 I. 235,835 | 5,774,277. I. 645,950 | 20,061,034 D. 148,011 | No change. | 19,390,487. I. 152,083 | 20,291,388 D. 111,604 |
20 〃 〃 | 34,467,860 I. 474,315 | 23,925,150 D. 53,280 | 19,467,860 | 10,542,710 I. 527,595 | 1,321,103 | 11,863,813 I. 550,855 | 6,041,006. I. 266,729 | 20,320,946. I. 259,912 | No change | 19,346,724 D 25,763 | 20,788,963 I. 497,575 |
27 〃 〃 | 34,977,285 I. 509,425 | 23,680,695 D. 244,455 | 19,977,285 | 11,296,590 I. 753,880 | 1,313,367 | 12,609,957 I. 746,144 | 6,195,503 I. 154,497 | 20,847,589 I. 526,643 | 13,294,557 I. 16,861 | 19,272,316 D. 92,408 | 21,290,652. I. 501,689 |
3. June. | 35,734,660 I. 757,375 | 24,226,485 I. 545,790 | 20,734,660 | 11,508,175 I. 211,585 | 1,235,078 | 12,743,253 I 133,296 | 6,489,091. I. 293,588 | 20,754,781 D. 92,808 | No change | 19,292,130 I. 19,814 | 21,969,738 I. 679,086. |
10. | 35,943,995 I. 209,335 | 23,535,840 D. 690,645 | 20,934,995 | 12,408,155 I. 899,980 | 1,260,820 | 13,668,975 I. 925,722 | 7,415,041. I. 925,950 | 20,302,549 D. 452,232 | No change | 18,850,214 D. 441,916 | 22,204,815 I. 235,077. |
17. | 36,320,080 I. 376,085 | 23,524,735 D. 11,105 | 21,320,080 | 12,795,345 I. 387,190 | 1,250,965 | 14,046,310 I. 377,335 | 7,986,257 I. 571,216 | 19,706,991 D 595,558 | No change | 18,413,635 D. 436,579 | 22,571,045 I. 366,230 |
24. | 36,678,060 I. 357,980 | 23,687,390 I 162,655 | 21,678,060 | 12,990,670 I. 195,325 | 1,284,921 | 14,275,591 I. 229,281 | 8,095,285 I. 109,028 | 19,531,108 D 175,883 | No change | 18,160,273 D 253,362 | 22,962,981. I. 391,936. |
Week end. 1 April. |
Thursday. 26 March.
£7,889,000 |
Friday. 27 March. 8,510,000 |
Saturday. 28 March 11,077,000 |
Monday. March 30. 11,368,000 |
Tuesday. March 31. 23,204,000 |
Wednesday. April. 1. 10,614,000 |
Total £. 72,662,000 |
Week end. 8 April. |
2 April.
11,023,000 |
3 April.
9,776,000 |
4. April.
12,761,000 |
April. 6
9,729,000 |
April. 7.
9,985,000 |
April. 8
10,278,000 |
Total. £
63,552,000 |
Week end. 15 April |
April. 9
12,270,000 |
April. 10. Nothing (Good Friday) |
April. 11
10,474,000 |
April. 13
9,548,000 |
April. 14
10,021,000 |
April. 15.
11,875,000 |
Total. £
54,188,000 |
Week end. April 22 |
April 16.
21,568,000 |
April 17
13,911,000 |
April 18
11,705,000 |
April 20
9,435,000 |
April. 21.
10,119,000 |
April. 22
8,907,000 |
Total. £
75,645,000 |
Week end. April 29. |
April. 23
9,921,000 |
April 24.
8,710,000 |
April 25
10,546,000 |
April. 27
8,093,000 |
April. 28
9,774,000 |
April. 29
20,612,000 |
Total. £.
67,656,000 |
Week end. 6 May. |
April. 30
10,801,000 |
May. 1
8,241,000 |
May 2.
11,875,000 |
May. 4.
11,801,000 |
May. 5.
10,061,000 |
May. 6.
8,816,000 |
Total. £.
61,595,000 |
Week end. 13 May. |
May 7.
9,740,000 |
May 8.
9,042,000 |
May 9.
10,431,000 |
May 11
8,619,000 |
May 12.
8,753,000 |
May 13.
8,759,000 |
Total. £.
55,344,000 |
Week end. 20 May. |
May 14
19,848,000 |
May 15
12,016,000 |
May 16.
10,890,000 |
May 18.
9,786,000 |
May. 19.
9,604,000 |
May. 20.
8,945,000 |
Total. £.
71,008,000 |
Week end. 27 May. |
May 21.
8,669,000 |
May 22.
9,620,000 |
May. 23.
10,275,000 |
May 25.
9,632,000 |
May. 26.
8,915,000 |
May. 27.
6,840,000 |
Total. £.
53,951,000 |
Week end. 3 June. |
May 28
8,704,000 |
May 29
19,532,000 |
May 30
14,237,000 |
June. 1
8,094,000 |
June. 2.
9,575,000 |
June. 3
9,575,000 9,557,000 |
Total. £.
69,699,000 |
Week end. 10 June. |
June. 4.
11,739,000 |
June 5.
10,642,000 |
June 6.
12,321,000 |
June 8.
9,072,000 |
June. 9
9,410,000 |
June. 10
8,112,000 |
Total. £.
61,251,000 |
Week end. 17 June. |
June. 11
7,822,000 |
June 12.
9,806,000 |
June 13
11,296,000 |
June 15
9,386,000 |
June 16
23,400,000 |
June 17
12,533,000 |
Total £.
74,243,000 |
Week end. 24 June. |
June 18.
9,108,000 |
June 19
11,075,000 |
June 20
10,080,000 |
June 22
9,730,000 |
June. 23
9,805,000 |
June 24.
8,220,000 |
Total £.
58,018,000 | |
Week ending. | 1) Circulation Issued. | 2) Circulation Active. | 3) Bullion. Iss. Dpt. | 4) Reserve Notes. | 5) Reserve Coin. | 6) Total Reserve. | 7) Public Deposits. | 8) Private Deposits. | 9) Public Securities. | 10) Private Securities. | Total Coin and Bullion. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1 | 36,660,220. D. 17,840 | 24,771,585 I. 1,084,195 | 21,660,220 | 11,888,635 D. 1,102,035 | 1,091,001 | 12,979,636 D. 1,295,955 | 7,021,048 D. 1,074,237 | 21,497,262 I. 1,966,154 | 13,214,394 D. 80,163 | 20,451,631 I. 2,291,358 | 22,751,221 D 211,760 |
8 | 36,388,460 D. 271,760 | 24,722,730 D 48,855 | 21,388,460 | 11,665,730 D. 222,905 | 1,163,082 | 12,828,812 D 150,824 | 4,396,418 D. 2,624,630 | 23,158,434 I 1,661,172 | 14,614,394 I. 1,400,000 | 18,412,785 D 2,038,846 | 22,551,542 D 199,679 |
15 | 35,966,000 D 422,460 | 24,876,360 I. 153,630 | 20,966,000 | 11,089,640 D. 576,090 | 1,220,535 | 12,310,175 D 518,637 | 3,359,776 D. 1,036,642 | 22,080,000 D. 1,078,434 | No change. | 16,904,426 D. 1,508,359 | 22,186,535 D 365,007 |
22 | 35,814,740 D. 151,260 | 24,491,110 D 385,250 | 20,814,740 | 11,323,630 I. 233,990 | 1,262,594 | 12,586,224 I. 276,049 | 3,139,924 D. 219,852 | 22,077,372 D. 2,628 | No change. | 16,400,413 D. 504,013 | 22,077,334 D. 109,201 |
29 | 35,748,110 D. 66,630 | 24,325,801 D. 165,305 | 20,748,110 | 11,422,305 I 98,675 | 1,216,541 | 12,638,846 I 52,622 | 3,499,374 I 359,450 | 21,454,054 D 623,318 | No change. | 16,070,304 D 330,109 | 21,964,651 D 112,683 |
August 5 | 35,218,865 D 529,245 | 24,963,380 I 637,575 | 20,218,865 | 10,255,485 D 1,166,820 | 1,153,124 | 11,408,609 D 1,230,237 | 3,379,081 D 120,293 | 20,667,439 D 786,615 | 14,790,302 I. 175,908 | 16,292,387 I 222,083 | 21,371,989 D 592,662 |
12 | 34,631,490 D 587,375 | 24,533,260 D 430,120 | 19,631,490 | 10,098,230 D. 157,255 | 1,169,239 | 11,267,469 D 141,140 | 3,088,830 D 290,251 | 20,206,739 D 460,700 | 14,390,131 D 400,171 | 16,149,757 D 142,630 | 20,800,729 D. 571,260 |
19 | 34,638,755 I. £7,265 | 24,245,410 D. 287,850 | 19,638,755 | 10,393,345 I. 295,115 | 1,096,446 | 11,489,791. I. 222,322 | 2,864,234 D 224,596 | 20,172,244 D 34,495 | 13,790,131 D. 600,000 | 16,174,185 I. 24,428 | 20,735,201 D 65,528 |
26 | 34,617,335. I. 21,420 | 23,955,630 D 289,780 | 19,617,335 | 10,661,705 I. 268,360 | 1,156,766 | 11,818,471 I. 328,680 | 2,979,410 I 115,176 | 19,838,830 D. 333,414 | No Change | 15,597,078 D 577,107 | 20,774,101 I 38,900 |
September 2 | 34,729,555 I 112,220 | 24,307,105 I 351,475 | 19,729,555 | 10,422,450 D 239,255 | 1,117,098 | 11,539,548 D 278,923 | 3,274,415 I 295,005 | 19,577,730 D 261,100 | No change. | 16,239,930 I 642,852 | 20,846,653 I 72,552 |
9 | 34,617,250 D. 112,305 | 23,875,955 D 431,150 | 19,617,250 | 10,741,295 I 318,845 | 1,118,898 | 11,860,193 I. 320,645 | 3,715,925 I 441,510 | 19,423,966 D. 153,764 | No change. | 16,215,856 D. 24,074 | 20,736,148 D 110,505 |
16 | 34,612,035 D. 5,215 | 23,645,455 D 230,500 | 19,612,035 | 10,966,580 I 225,285 | 1,163,957 | 12,130,537 I. 270,344 | 3,975,728 I. 259,803 | 19,309,767 D 114,199 | No change | 16,124,020 D 91,836 | 20,775,992 I 39,844 |
23 | 34,767,830 I 155,805 | 23,570,345 D 75,110 | 19,767,830 | 11,197,485 I. 230,905 | 1,197,010 | 12,394,495 I 263,958 | 5,194,839 I 1,219,111 | 19,200,180 D 109,587 | 14,790,131 I. 1,000,000 Zusatz von Marx. Schließen (!) |
15,998,695 D 125,325 | 20,964,840 I 188,848 |
Week ending July 1. |
Thursday. June 25. 8,857,000 |
Friday. June 26. 9,905,000 |
Saturday June 27. 12,271,000 |
Monday June 29. 8,991,000 |
Tuesday. June 30. 24,998,000 |
Wednesday July 1 16,099,000 |
Total £. 81,121,000 |
Week ending July 8. | 10,328,000 July 2. | 11,144,000 July 3. | 13,912,000 July 4. | 9,314,000 July 6 | 11,787,000 July 7. | 10,449,000 July 8 | 66,934,000 |
Week ending July 15 | 11,810,000 July 9 | 11,268,000 July 10 | 10,816,000 July 11 | 10,146,000 July 13 | 10,987,000 July 14 | 22,771,000 July 15 | 77,798,000 |
July 22 | 12,067,000 July 16 | 10,546,000 July 17 | 11,965,000 July 18 | 10,898,000 July 20 | 9,125,000 July 21 | 8,825,000 July 22 | 63,426,000 |
July 29 | 9,640,000 July 23 | 9,579,000 July 24 | 8,906,000 July 25 | 8,296,000 July 27 | 9,494,000 July 28 | 7,870,000 July 29 | 53,785,000 |
Week ending August 5 | 9,150,000 July 30 | 22,182,000 July 31 | 11,316,000 August 1 | 11,080,000 August 3 | 12,655,000 August 4 | 9,282,000 August 5 | 75,665,000 |
12 | 10,818,000 August 6 | 10,048,000 August 7 | 11,982,000 August 8 | 9,564,000 August 10 | 9,116,000 August 11 | 9,337,000 August 12 | 60,915,000 |
19 | 9,133,000 August 13 | 21,751,000 August 14 | 12,124,000 August 15 | 10,445,000 August 17 | 10,885,000 August 18 | 8,061,000 August 19 | 72,399,000 |
26 | 7,994,000 August 20 | 9,812,000 August 21 | 10,802,000 August 22 | 8,279,000 August 24 | 9,920,000 August 25 | 8,562,000 August 26 | 55,369,000 |
Week ending September 2 | 7,579,000 August 27 | 18,213,000 August 28 | 12,067,000 August 29 | 10,978,000 August 31 | 10,302,000 Sept 1 | 9,445,000 Sept 2 |
68,584,000 |
9 | 8,111,000 Sept 3 | 12,546,000 Sept 4 | 9,348,000 Sept 5 | 8,251,000 Sept 7 | 10,335,000 Sept 8 | 7,881,000 Sept 9 | 56,472,000 |
16 | 8,775,000 Sept 10 | 9,236,000 Sept 11 | 10,508,000 Sept 12 | 9,667,000 Sept 14 | 8,943,000 Sept 15 | 18,327,000 Sept 16 | 65,456,000 |
23 | 10,446,000 Sept 17 | 9,292,000 Sept 18 | 9,536,000 Sept 19 | 8,575,000 Sept 21 | 8,232,000 Sept 22 | 7,764,000 Sept 23 | 53,845,000| |
Week ending. | 1) Circulation Issued. | 2) Circulation active. | 3) Bullion. (Is. Dp.) | 4) Reserve Notes. | 5) Reserve Coin. | 6) Total Reserve. | 7) Public Deposits. | 8) Private Depts. | 9) Pub. Securities. | 10) Private Securities. | 11) Total Bullion and Coin. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September. 30 | 34,897,075 I 129,245 | 24,391,270 I 820,925 | 19,897,075 | 10,505,805 D 691,680 | 1,104,061 | 11,609,866 D. 784,629 | 5,385,296 I. 190,457 | 18,735,117 D 465,063 | 14,940,131 I. 150,000 | 16,366,692 I 367,997 | 21,001,136. I 36,296. |
October 7 | 34,692,935. D. 204,140. | 24,647,915. I. 256,645 | 19,692,935 | 10,045,020 D 460,785 | 1,015,010 | 11,060,030 D. 549,836 | 5,306,624. D. 78,672 | 18,022,446. D. 712,671 | 15,039,716 I. 99,585 | 16,054,128 D. 312,564 | 20,707,945 D 293,191 |
14 | 34,083,870 D. 609,065 | 24,515,915 D. 132,000 | 19,083,870 | 9,567,955 D 477,065 | 1,080,380 | 10,648,335 D. 411,695 | 3,838,119 D 1,468,505 | 20,231,481 I. 2,209,035 | 15,935,874 I. 896,158 | 15,822,238 D 231,890 | 20,164,250. D 543,695 |
21 | 33,850,975 D 232,895 | 24,493,790 D 22,125 | 18,850,975 | 9,357,185 D. 210,770 | 1,096,199 | 10,453,384 D 194,951 | 3,550,282 D 287,837 | 20,405,854 I. 174,373 | No change | 15,881,648 I 59,410 | 19,947,174 D 217,076 |
28 | 33,750,230 D 100,745 | 24,175,880 D 317,910 | 18,750,230 | 9,574,350 I 217,165 | 1,094,631 | 10,668,981 I 215,597 | 4,129,038 I 578,756 | 19,919,524 D 486,330 | 15,985,874 I. 50,000 | 15,705,432 D 176,216 | 19,844,861 D 102,313 |
November 4 | 33,423,975 D 326,255 | 24,513,370 I 337,490 | 18,423,975 | 8,910,605 D 663,745 | 1,053,763 | 9,964,368 D 704,613 | 4,281,114 I. 152,076 | 18,621,065 D 1,298,459 | 15,485,874 D 500,000 | 15,728,291 I 22,859 | 19,477,738 D 367,123 |
11 | 33,230,155 D 193,820 | 23,936,315 D 577,055 | 18,230,155 | 9,293,840 I. 383,235 | 1,128,695 | 10,422,535 I 458,167 | 4,744,758 I 463,644 | 19,248,711 I 627,646 | No Change. | 16,317,065 I 588,774 | 19,358,850 D 118,888 |
18 | 32,202,620 D 1,027,535 | 23,489,100 D 447,215 | 17,202,620 | 8,713,520 D 580,320 | 1,154,039 | 9,867,559 D 554,976 | 5,030,529 I 285,771 | 18,762,567 D 486,144 | 15,301,437 D 184,437 | 16,873,882 I. 556,817 | 18,356,659 D 1,002,191 |
25 | 32,137,355 D 65,265 | 23,243,255 D 245,845 | 17,137,355 | 8,894,100 I 180,580 | 1,119,282 | 10,013,382 I 145,823 | 5,427,596 I 397,067 | 18,103,008 D 659,559 | 15,074,874 D. 226,563 | 16,662,170 D 211,712 | 18,256,637 D 100,022 |
December 2 | 32,007,425 D 129,930 | 23,510,110 I 266,855 | 17,007,425 | 8,497,315 D 396,785 | 1,080,023 | 9,577,338 D 436,044 | 5,575,694 I 148,098 | 18,085,878 D 17,130 | No change | 17,193,379 I 531,209 | 18,087,448 D 169,189 |
9 | 31,763,985 D 243,440 | 23,200,140 D 309,970 | 16,763,985 | 8,563,845 I 66,530 | 1,077,684 | 9,641,529 I 64,191 | 6,363,025 I 787,331 | 17,608,301 D 477,577 | No change | 17,378,559 I 185,180 | 17,844,669 D 245,779 |
16 | 31,901,190 I 137,205 | 22,724,675 D 475,465 | 16,901,190 | 9,176,515. I 612,670 | 1,257,125 | 10,433,640 I 792,111 | 5,956,333 D 406,692 | 17,972,453 I 364,152 | 14,074,874 D. 1,000,000 | 17,494,978 I 116,419 | 18,158,315 I 316,646 |
23 | 32,191,935 I 290,745 | 22,940,185 I 215,510 | 17,191,935 | 9,251,750 I 75,235 | 1,099,686 | 10,351,436 D 82,204 | 6,899,705 I 943,372 | 17,850,762 D 121,691 | 14,124,874 I. 50,000 | 18,339,395 I 844,417 | 18,291,621 I 133,306 |
Week ending Sept. 30 |
Thursday. Sept. 24. £6,957,000. |
Friday. Sept. 25 8,256,000 |
Saturday. Sept. 26. 11,235,000 |
Monday Sept. 28. 8,959,000 |
Tuesday. Sept. 29. 9,241,000 |
Wednesday, Sept. 30. 19,657,000 |
Total 64,305,000 |
Octob. 7 | 10,793,000 October 1. | 9,877,000 Octob. 2 | 15,232,000 Octob. 3 | 9,746,000 October 5. | 11,184,000 Oct. 6 | 9,062,000 Octob. 7. | 65,894,000. |
Oct. 14 | 8,774,000 October 8 | 10,093,000 October 9 | 11,402,000 Oct. 10 | 10,241,000 October 12 | 11,289,000 October 13 | 11,370,000 Oct. 14 | 63,169,000 |
Oct. 21 | 20,339,000 Oct. 15 | 12,379,000 Oct. 16 | 12,066,000 Oct. 17 | 9,864,000 Octbr. 19 | 10,301,000 Oct. 20 | 10,003,000 Oct. 21 | 74,952,000 |
Oct. 28 | 8,306,000 Oct. 22 | 10,271,000 Oct. 23 | 11,123,000 Oct. 24 | 7,987,000 Oct. 26 | 7,914,000 Oct. 27 | 8,662,000 Oct. 28 | 54,263,000 |
Novbr. 4 | 8,471,000 Oct. 29 | 27,198,000 Oct. 30 | 13,019,000 Oct. 31 | 7,848,000 Nov. 2 | 10,101,000 Nov. 3 | 12,710,000 Nov. 4 | 79,347,000 |
Nov. 11 | 11,092,000 Nov. 5 | 9,186,000 Nov. 6 | 11,800,000 Nov. 7 | 9,627,000 Nov. 9 | 10,342,000 Nov. 10 | 8,718,000 Nov. 11 | 60,765,000 |
Nov. 18 | 8,323,000 Nov. 12 | 26,057,000 Nv. 13 | 12,632,000 Nv. 14 | 10,104,000 No. 16 | 9,818,000 No. 17 | 8,430,000 No. 18 | 75,364,000 |
Nvbr. 25 | 9,337,000 Nob. 19 | 8,909,000 Nv. 20 | 11,232,000 Nv. 21 | 9,330,000 Nv. 23 | 9,785,000 Nv. 24 | 8,087,000 Nv. 25 | 56,677,000 |
Decbr. 2 | 8,985,000 Nv. 26 | 23,871,000 N. 27 | 12,279,000 Nv. 28 | 10,139,000 Nv. 30 | 11,603,000 Dec. 1 | 8,772,000 Dec. 2 | 75,649,000 |
Dcbr. 9 | 10,133,000 Dec. 3 | 14,120,000 Dec. 4 | 11,507,000 Dec. 5 | 10,367,000 Dec. 7 | 10,171,000 Dec. 8 | 7,977,000 Dec. 9 | 64,275,000 |
December 16 | 8,311,000 Dec. 10 | 9,414,000 Dec. 11 | 10,889,000 Dec. 12 | 9,821,000 Dec. 14 | 25,927,000 Dec. 15 | 10,546,000 Dec. 16 | 74,908,000 |
Dec. 23 | 10,830,000 Dec. 17 | 13,403,000 Dec. 18 | 11,873,000 Dec. 19 | 8,959,000 Dec. 21 | 10,417,000 Dec. 22 | 9,450,000 Dec. 23 | 64,932,000| |
Bank of France
Week ending January. 4. | Week ending January 11. | Week end. January 18. | Week end. January. 25. | Week end. February 1. | Week ending Febr. 8. | Week ending February 15. | Week end. Febr. 22. | Week end. Febr. 29. | Week end. March 7. | Week ending March 14. | Week ending March 21. | Week ending March 28. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1) Coin and Bullion. | D. 1,287,000£ | D. 13,000 | I. 68,000 | I. 1,090,000 | I 624,000 | I 844,880 | I. 880,000 | I. 928,000 | I. 720,000 | I. 186,640 | I 400,000 | I. 747,000 | I 360,000 |
2) Discounts. Loans. (Bills) | I. 2,133,000 | D. 20,000 | D. 1,026,500 | D. 148,000 | 293,320 | D 1,680,000 | D 333,500 | D 528,000 | D 370,000 | D 280,000 | D 600,000 | D. 360,000 | I 26,500 |
3) Rate of Disct. | French: 21/2 Engl. 2%. | No Change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change |
4) Notes in Circulation. | I. 2,560,000 | I. 413,000 | Notes Amount: £48,805,315 I 925,000 |
D. 304,000 | Nts. Amount 48,498,967. D. 160,000 |
48,098,887 D 384,000 |
48,051,513 D 45,000 |
47,544,974 D. 376,000 |
D. 93,500 | 47,940,020 I. 360,000 |
47,540,000 D. 400,000 |
47,423,677 D. 112,000 |
47,420,200 D. 224,000 |
5) Stock of Bull. (Coin) | Diese Angabe konnte in der „Money
Market Review“ nicht ermittelt werden. Schließen £39,320,000 |
39,379,440 | 41,084,360 | 41,708,656 | 42,552,002. | 43,433,870. | 44,360,820 | 45,080,400 | 45,664,000 | 46,425,020 | 46,581,120 | ||
Week ending April 4 | Week end. April 11 | Week end. April 18 | Week end. April 25. | Week end. May 2 | Week end. May 9 | Week ending May 16. | Week end. May 23 | Week end. May 30 | Week end. June 6 | Week end. June 13 | Week end. June 20 | Week end. June 27 | |
1) Coin and Bullion | D. 693,500 | D 750,000 | D 192,000 | I. 346,500 | I. 136,000 | I. 552,000 | I. 213,500 | I. 720,000 | I 820,000 | I. 460,000 | D 118,266 | I 280,000 | I 280,245 |
2) Discounts. Loans. | I. 845,000 | I 60,000 | D 130,000 | I 228,000 | I 1,800,000 | D 1,867,000 | I. 208,000 | D 960,000 | I. 173,500 | D. 268,000 | D 342,774 | I 93,320 | I 91,757 |
3) Rate of Discount | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No Change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change |
4) Notes in Circulat. | Amt. 48,354,583£ I. 1,160,000 |
48,706,580 I. 352,000 |
D 224,000 | 48,143,257 D. 366,500 |
I. 2,180,000 | D. 1,853,500 | D 544,000 | D 544,000 | I. 100,000 | I. 264,000 | 47,594,461 D 546,060 |
47,830,461 I. 236,000 |
48,204,390 I. 373,362 |
5) Stock of Bull. (Coin) | 46,068,905 | 45,318,905 | 45,126,000 | 45,470,057 | 45,606,000 | 46,373,000 | 47,093,000 | £47,913,000 | 48,373,000 | 48,251,181 | 48,531,181 | 48,809,148 | |
Week ending July 4. | Week end. July 11 | Week ending July 18 | Wk. end. July 25 | Week end. August 1 | Week end. August 8 | Week end. August 15 | Wk. end. Aug. 22 | Week ending August 29 | Week end. September 5 | Week ending Sept. 12 | Week end. Sept. 19 | Week ending Sept. 26 | |
1) Coin and Bullion | D. 41,602 | D 589,155 | D 21,728 | I 581,603 | I 304,863 | I. 771,580 | I 1,365,378 | I 912,381 | I 303,243 | I 176,238 | D 499,314 | D 113,092 | D 58,453 |
2) Discounts. Loans. | I 795,787 | D 169,979 | D 676,743 | I 105,820 | I 985,885 | D 2,098,070 | I 4,329,190 | I 2,311,665 | D 1,366,506 | D. 1,300,000 | D 952,007 | D 554,037 | D 206,999 |
3) Rate of Discount. | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change. | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change |
4) Notes in Circulat. | Amount of Notes: £49,793,400 I 1,588,750 |
50,405,583 I 613,500 |
50,859,533 I 453,500 |
50,963,493 I 103,906 |
51,424,993 I 461,554 |
50,067,187 D. 1,357,806 |
50,339,918 I 272,731 |
49,462,044 D 877,874 |
48,805,452 D 656,592 |
49,557,978 I. 752,526 |
48,898,184 D. 659,794 |
48,812,810 D 85,374 |
48,849,232 I 36,422 |
5) Stock of Bull. (Coin. | 48,767,546 | 48,178,391 | 48,156,663 | 48,738,266 | 49,043,129 | 49,814,709 | 51,180,087 | 52,092,468 | 52,395,711 | 52,571,949 | 52,072,635 | 51,959,543 | 51,901,090 |
Week ending October 3 | Week end. Oct. 10 | Week end. Oct. 17 | Week end. Oct. 24 | Week end. Oct. 31 | Week end. November 7 | Week end. November 14. | Week ending Nov. 21 | Week ending November 28 | Week end. December 5 | Week ending December 12 | Week ending December 19 | Week ending December 26. | |
1) Coin et Bull. | D 952,220 | D 890,075 | D 877,549 | D 268,677 | D 643,786 | D 582,497 | D 721,165 | D 449,494 | D 281,512 | I 511,444 | D. 535,006 | D 437,547 | D. 192,000 |
2) Discounts. Loans. | D 119,226 | I 183,002 | I 664,673 | D 772,564 | I. 448,844 | I. 586,943 | D 127,722 | D 13,423 | I 226,141 | I. 746,146 | D 110,095 | D 295,684 | I 540,000 |
3) Rate of Discount. | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No change | No Change |
England 21/2 since 19 Nov. ’68
France: 21/2 (since 30 May ’67) |
No change | England 3% since Dec. 3, ’68
France 21/2% |
No change | No change | No change |
4) Notes in Circul. | Amount of Notes 50,356,550£ I 1,507,318 |
49,836,368 D 520,182 |
50,496,708 I 660,340 |
49,894,248 D 602,460 |
50,652,988 I. 758,740 |
51,339,184 I 686,196 |
50,924,598 D 414,586 |
51,170,814 I. 246,216 |
50,744,284£ D 426,530 |
51,692,244 I 947,960 |
51,405,300 D 286,944 |
51,131,536 D 273,764 |
51,555,536 I 424,000 |
5) Stock of Coin. Bull. | 50,948,870 | 50,049,795 | 49,172,246 | 48,903,569 | 48,259,783 | 47,677,286 | 46,956,121 | 46,506,627 | 46,225,115 | 46,736,559 | 46,201,553 | 45,764,006 | 45,956,006| |
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868.
(January.)
Week ending Jan. 4. 1868.:
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Januar 1868. S. 15.
Schließen Marx’
Worte.
Schließen Reserve der
B.o.E.
decreases by 3/4 of a million,
obgleich Bullion und daher circulation issue
increases. Aber wegen turn of year sudden and sharp
demand for loans und discounts, daher increase von
£2,606,510 in private securities. Da aber deposits zugleich rise by
2,888,766£ to be inferred that this demand to a large extent
precautionary only, and perhaps due in part to the desire of people
in business to increase their balances at the end of the year. Da
aber Gvt disbursements on account of salaries etc, have caused the
public deposits to be drawn down to the extent of £864,554, the
reserve has decreased 3/4 million.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Januar 1868. S. 16.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: Stoppage of
Cardwell
et Sons, of Heckmondwike
(Leeds). Liabilities about
£30,000.
Week ending Jan. 11. 1868.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
11. Januar 1868. S. 42.
Schließen B.o.E. Return:
Effect of payment of dividends (began on Wednesday 8), hence large
diminution in Gvt. deposits and increase in private deposits,
accompanied by repayment to B.o.E. of considerable portion of the
advances lately made by it on private securities. At the same time
increase of 1,100,000£ in Gvt. securities in banking department;
cause, probably, advances by the bank on deficiency bills. Trifling
decline in coin und bullion, obgleich result der import und export movements of the
week, so far as the Bank is concerned, was addition of
about 53,000£ to its stock; but coin taken
away by the receivers of the dividends.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
11. Januar 1868. S. 42.
Schließen
Discount Market very quiet, with superabundance of
money, owing to the payment of dividends, amount of which nearly £7,000,000.
About 3,000,000£ of this, however, returns to the Bank in repayment of loans
and advances obtained from it during the last few weeks.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
11. Januar 1868. S. 35.
Schließen Some fall in the London and
Westminster old bank shares, ditto shares of the Union
Bank, on announcement of a dividend of 15%, being
21/2% less than for
last year.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868.
S. 35.
Schließen
Railway Stocks: speculative operations on large
scale, but entire absence of bona fide business. Decrease
of traffick on all Scotch lines.
Week ending Jan. 18. 1868.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 18. Januar 1868.
S. 70.
Schließen In Clearing House heavy
business on 15 (Wednesday), in connection
mit first settlement in the Stock Exchange for the new year;
but the weekly returns continue to show that amount of mercantile bills
afloat considerably below average.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Januar 1868. S. 71.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: failure of H. Bennett, ironmaster (Shropshire). His liabilities chiefly due
to the makers of pig iron. Failure of J. Richards et Co, Smethwick
(Birmingham), iron trade. liab. about £15,000
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Januar 1868. S. 73.
Schließen
Railway Market decidedly firmer; with 1 or 2
exceptions prices rising. No increase of bona fide business, but large amount of stock has been bought to cover
recent sales for a fall. Rise greatly helped by failure in
connection with the settlement of an adverse operator, who had about
£100,000 stock, chiefly Mitland, open for a decline, and whose transactions have within
the last few days been mostly closed by the dealers to whom he had
made sales.
Week ending Jan. 25, 1868.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar
1868. S. 100.
Schließen Plethora of money extreme. Good bills
taken at 11/4 to
13/8%, or 5/8 to 3/4
below the minimum at the B.o.E., where daher few applications.
Mercantile Embarrassments:
Schuloff et
Co, Spanish merchants, Birmingham, stopped. liab.
about £7000.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
25. Januar 1868. S. 103.
Schließen
Bankshares continue to recover from late
depression. In railway market buoyancy.
Decided rise in London
und North Western und
North Eastern
stocks by circulation of favourable reports on forthcoming
dividends; public do not invest in railway stocks, but neither do
they sell; and the unsettled speculation for the fall, acting upon a
market bare of stock, occasions firmness, and an upward movement in
prices. ⦗This afternoon (Jan. 24) sudden und rather severe
relapse in Metropolitan stock.⦘ Large purchases to close speculative
accounts.|
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868. (February.
March.) (April)
Week ending 1 February ’68:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 1. Februar
1868. S. 130 u. 133.
Schließen B.o.E. return show reflux of coin from the provinces. Dann Bank
parted mit £89,000 in gold for export in excess of the amount
received from abroad; yet increase in coin et bullion of
£118,722. Railway market: prices still supported
by transactions to close speculative accounts. Relapse (Jan. 31) upon
the announcement that an injunction had been granted to restrain the
directors of the Metropolitan
line from paying the proposed 7% dividend. Its stock fell 53/8%. Hence reaction
upon other Railway Stock.
Week ending 8 February, ’68:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 8. Februar
1868. S. 162.
Schließen Flow of gold from the B.o.E. to the Continent, chiefly in
payment for foreign stocks imported into this country; has told upon the
Bullion Reserve. Money Market has not been affected. In the general
market good bills discounted at 11/4 to 13/8%.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
8. Februar 1868. S. 163.
Schließen Nach circular of Mr. F. M.
Page specie shipped to the East von 1860–1867
(incl.) yearly average £14,401,100. 1860 it was £13,500,372; rose in 1864 to £24,318,189, highest total ever
reached, declined from that point till 1867, when
exportation only £3,659,154.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
8. Februar 1868. S. 163.
Schließen
Clearing House:
Friday (Jan. 31) £20,452,000. This was Stock Exchange Settlement, shows decided revival of
speculation in railway und foreign stock markets.
Week ending February 15. ’68:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar
1868. S. 196/197.
Schließen
B.o.E. £445,000 in gold withdrawn
for exportation; diminution in its stock only: 149,274£, shows large
reflux of coin from internal circulation. Mercantile
Embarrassments: Failure of Gilchrist, Smith et Co.
shipowners (Liverpool.) Welch et Son (ironmasters), Tipton. Failure of
grocer (Dublin) liab. to about £32,000. 6s. in £
assets. Stoppage chiefly caused by speculations in the London Tea
Market.
Week ending February 22. ’68:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 22. Februar
1868. S. 226.
Schließen
Export from
B.o.E. £573,000 (gold); in consequence of the continued
receipt of sovereigns from the provinces, diminution in its stock only
£413,811. In general Market rate: 13/8 to 11/2%. Owing to improvement in Paris exchange,
demand for gold for exportation has diminished.
Week ending February 29:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 29. Februar
1868. S. 256.
Schließen
B.o.E.
shows increase of £157,640, though the net result to the Bank of the
week’s import and export transactions was a withdrawal of £103,000.
Hence must be considerable coin reflux from the provinces.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
29. Februar 1868. S. 256.
Schließen
Indian Exchange: Owing to the recent rise of cotton
here, and to consequent orders to buy the staple in the East, the exchanges
at Bombay and Calcutta have risen, and a similar movement, adverse to this
country, has taken place here. This will prevent the expected remittances of
specie from India.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
29. Februar 1868. S. 257.
Schließen
Mercantile embarrassments: Failure of W. H. Smith, Barry et
Co, house in East India Trade, liab. £60,000. Failure of John Jones, coke and iron
master, of Walsall and Netherton, large liab. Suspension of Msrs. Murcott, Wright et Co, of Lanesfield
Ironworks, Springvale. Liab. 27,000.
Week ending March 7:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 7. März
1868. S. 284.
Schließen Increase of advances der
B.o.E. on private
„securities“ by £1,306,199, owing partly to preparations for the
bills maturing on the 4th. This draught
having been only partly made up to the Bank by the influx of
deposits, decrease in reserve is £689,127. The decline – £213,597 –
in the coin and bullion corresponds almost precisely with the gold
withdrawn from the Bank for exportation. … The Foreign demand for
wheat in British ports having fallen off, in consequence of
further large arrivals at Marseilles, the demand for gold for the
continent has increased, and further amounts are likely to be taken
from the B.o.E., besides all the supplies that may come to hand from
Australia and America.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. März 1868. S. 285.
Schließen
Clearing House, the total unusually large
(78,000,000) owing to Stock Exchange settlement on the 28., and the numerous
bills which fell due in the first few days of March.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. März 1868. S. 287.
Schließen
Railway Market: tendency to sell speculatively
diminished. Public still hold aloof.
Week ending March 14:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 14. März 1868.
S. 308.
Schließen Owing to increase in
deposits, not accompanied by any corresponding increase in the
advances on securities, an addition of £461,703 has been made to the reserve. As result of import und export transactions this
week, the Bank parted mit £72,000 in gold; yet increase of £43,338
in its bullion und coin; hence evident that coin is flowing back
from the internal circulation.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
14. März 1868. S. 308.
Schließen
Discount market seems gradually tightening, and this
tendency is likely to be increased by revival in the
demand for silver for India. This owing to the recent important
advance in the price of cotton here, and consequent despatch of large orders
to buy in the East. Hence active demand yesterday (March 12) for bar silver
for exportation to Bombay, and Calcutta, and upwards of £250,000 was
purchased at quotations ranging from 5s. 07/8d. to 5s. 11/8d. per ounce, being 3/8d to 5/8d. above the last price. The whole of this silver
must, it is stated, be imported from the Continent, and this will tend to
increase the demand for bar gold for that quarter.
Week ending March 21:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 21. März
1868. S. 336.
Schließen Owing to return of specie from the
provinces, the Coin and Bullion of B.o.E. have increased £101,897; though the Bank,
on balance, parted with about £11,000 in gold for export during the
week.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 21. März
1868. S. 336.
Schließen
Discount market still gradually tightening, and
it would appear that a distinct influence is now being exercised by the
large revenue payments Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen ⦗Steuern für
Govt.⦘ into the Bank. The supply of money having
diminished the rates for the best bills have advanced to 2%, and, the
terms in the general market being thus equal to those of the B.o.E., brisk demand at that
establishment.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
21. März 1868. S. 339.
Schließen
Railway Stocks: variations in prices nearly all in
upward direction. No increase of bona fide business; improvement caused by
purchasers to close speculative accounts.
Week ending 28. March:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 28. März 1868.
S. 368.
Schließen Large influx of the revenue (gezeigt durch
Increase of £1,360,252 in Public Deposits), as usual at the close of the
quarter; this naturally accompanied by increase of corresponding amount in
the loans from the Bank on private securities, and by some withdrawals of
private deposits. The result is a diminution of £150,584 in the reserve.
During the week the Bank parted with £12,000 in gold for export more than it
received from abroad, yet the reflux of coin from the provinces has caused
an increase of £156,656 in the coin and bullion.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
28. März 1868. S. 368.
Schließen
Bullion market:
Gold; demand for export now exists only for refinable qualities, the Continental exchanges
having experienced a marked rise during the past few days.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 28. März
1868. S. 369.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: Failure of
Jordan, Craik
et Co (Cape, Port Elizabeth) owing to „the
continued depression in London market of our colonial produce“. Liab. 60 to 70,000£.
Week ending April 4:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 4. April
1868. S. 400.
Schließen Demand for money on B.o.E. – as tested by the
position of the advances on private securities, heavy, as usual at
the turn of the quarter; while, at the same time, there have been
large withdrawals of Gvt deposits for the payment of salaries
etc[.] Thus, notwithstanding
considerable increase in private deposits, the falling off in the
reserve £1,166,911. The decrease in the coin and
bullion is £333,971, of which £133,000 was withdrawn for
export, while the balance must have been absorbed in the quarterly
payments on Gvt and other accounts.|
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868. (April. May.
June) (July)
Week ending April 11.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 11. April
1868. S. 428.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Return shows effect of the payment of dividends beginning on 8. April.
The effect of the large withdrawals of Gvt. deposits largely neutralised
by an influx of private deposits, and by the repayment to the Bank of
heavy advances previously obtained from it on private securities
⦗besonders on the part of the discount houses and brokers.⦘
Net decrease in the reserve is thus: £721,311. The dividend and other
payments usual at this season have caused a diminution of £279,035 in the coin and bullion, though the
Bank received from abroad during the week £82,000.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
11. April 1868. S. 428.
Schließen
Discount Market easy. The payment of the dividends
attended with a large increase in the supply of money seeking employment,
good bills daher easy to place at 13/4% or 1/4 below the minimum Bank o. E. rate.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
11. April 1868. S. 429.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments:
Failure of 2 manufacturers, Hargraves und Simpson (of Burnley)
R.
Massey (of Akrington Accrington) (Lancashire.)
Week ending April 18:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 18. April
1868. S. 452.
Schließen B.o.E.: The large withdrawals of private
deposits fully made up by the influx of Gvt. deposits, combined
mit repayment of advances on private securities; hence
small increase in reserve. During the week the Bank received, on
balance, £77,000 gold von abroad; the whole of which,
zusammen mit further sum of £113,797 taken away by
receivers of the dividends.
Week ending April 25:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 25. April 1868.
S. 477.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: Failure of A. Barlow,
contractor, Stoke (North Staffordshire) liab. about £.27,000.
Week ending May 2:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 2. Mai 1868.
S. 500.
Schließen
B.o.E. discount (2%)
und that of general market now the same. The prospect,
however, of a large influx of Australian and other gold militates
against prospect of any early advance in the Bank’s charge. (1,609,000£
gold reported on way from Australia)
Week ending May 9:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 9. Mai
1868. S. 522.
Schließen
B.o.E.: diminution of £533,674 in the reserve
attributable to revival in the demand for discounts and loans at the
Bank. In general market discount rates show upward tendency. Only
the best short dated paper being taken at 2%, whilst 3 months’ bills
charged in most quarters 21/4 to 21/2%. Hence applications large at B.o.E.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
9. Mai 1868. S. 523.
Schließen
Stoppage of Msrs. Roskell,
Arrowsmith and Kendal, bankers, of Preston and
Lytham. Liab. valued at about 80,000£. Failure of
J.
Knight, earthenware manufacturer, Longton.
Week ending May 16:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 16. Mai
1868. S. 544.
Schließen Recent stringency in money
market diminished. Best short dated bills more readily taken at 2%,
and 3 months’ at 21/4. The terms at the B.o.E. now practically below those current at other
discount establishments. Hence doubtful whether this quarter will
end without an advance in the rate to 21/2%; but the amount of gold on
the way to this country from Australia and America is almost
unprecedented, and any advance in the rates here would attract a
portion of the enormous amounts of capital now unemployed on the
Continent.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 16. Mai
1868. S. 545.
Schließen
Belding, Keith et
Co, American trade, liab. about
50,000£, little or nothing in the shape of assets.
Week ending May 23:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 23. Mai
1868. S. 569.
Schließen
Failure of
M. Couvelas (Merchant) Manchester, liab. 58,000£. Melbourne: failure of Darlot et Co,
squatters
(31,000l.), Appleton, draper
(21,000l.)
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
23. Mai 1868. S. 570.
Schließen Railway Stocks steady.
Week ending May 30:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 30. Mai 1868.
S. 592.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Received from abroad £391,000 in gold, after allowing for a withdrawal
of 150,000l. for Egypt; as the increase is,
however, über 500,000l., evidently reflux of
coin from the provinces.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 30. Mai
1868. S. 592.
Schließen
Discount Market: Great ease; best 3 months’
bills taken at 11/2 to 15/8%, very few applications at the B.o.E. Continued influx of
bullion.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 30. Mai
1868. S. 593.
Schließen
Suspension of F. Mitchell,
manufacturer, Blackburn; ditto Nichols and Monk,
manufacturers, of Halshaw Moor (Manchester). Stoppage of Bassett
etc, hop and seed factors, of the Borough.
(Depreciation in value of hops cause)
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
30. Mai 1868. S. 588/589.
Schließen General improvement in Railway Stocks, despite unfavourable traffick
returns of some principal railways. Greater buoyancy in public securities (Stock Exchange) than since panic of ’66.
Abundance and cheapness of money, impossibility of finding employment for it
in ordinary commercial channels, influx of gold, satisfactory reports on
crops etc.
Week ending June 6:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 6. Juni
1868. S. 618.
Schließen
Discount market extremely easy; owing to
continued influx of gold, rate still drooping. Best 3 months’ bills
at 11/2% ,
occasionally at 13/8. Hence few applications to B.o.E.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 6. Juni
1868. S. 619.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: In connection
with recent important fall in prices, failure of firm in London Corn
trade (liab. about 20,000l.) Failure of John et W. Sanders,
builders, Gray’s-inn-road. liab. about 20,000l.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
6. Juni 1868. S. 620.
Schließen
Railway Stocks: Public still avoid making
purchases, but considerable transactions for the rise on account of
speculators, mostly in the country, who are enabled to take up stock during
the present plethora of money, through advances made by bankers. Caledonian, Great Eastern, Great Northern, Lancashire and Yorkshire,
Brighton, Midland, and Berwick, have been in demand, and
advanced.
Week ending June 13:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 13. Juni
1868. S. 644.
Schließen Discount Rate in General market
lower than ever. Stock Exchange so fully supplied mit money
that it is difficult to place loans on English Gvt.
Securities at 1% p. annum. No demand for bar gold on the continent,
except for refinable qualities. Gold continuing to flow in from
Australia and America.
Week ending June 20:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 20. Juni
1868. S. 668.
Schließen B.o.E. During the week a net
amount of £126,000 in gold sent into the Bank von abroad, aber
increase von £366,230; hence considerable reflux of coin from
provinces. Plenty of gold is still coming. (von Australien
und America)
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 20. Juni
1868. S. 669.
Schließen
Mercantile embarrassments: Failure of
Cutler and
Barker, seed and hop factors, London, house
existed for 82 years; difficulty arisen from their being creditors
to £17,000 on Bassett, who
failed in the hop trade on 28. ult., and show only about 5s. in £.
Liab. about 120,000£. Sydney: Failure of
L.
Lockhart, New Zealand Trade, liab. about
24,730.
Week ending June 27:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 27. Juni
1868. S. 690 u. 693.
Schließen
B.o.E.:
The increase – £391,936 – in coin und bullion exceed exceeds by about 180,000£ gold sent into Bank from abroad during week;
difference must be occasioned by reflux of coin from the provinces. Discount Market somewhat tighter – effect of the
temporary movement usual at this season. Railway
Market heavy this week.
Week ending July 4:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 4. Juli
1868. S. 12.
Schließen During the week B.o.E. received about £107,000
(gold) from abroad, but the payments incidental to the season have
carried away this sum, und further caused a decrease of
£211,760. (Ende des halben Jahres; gvt payments etc) At
this turn of year people in business, as well as joint stock banks,
desirous of accumulating large balances. The terms for good bills in
the general market 13/4%, and a strong demand experienced at the B.o.E. Rate of Discount in open market at Paris 11/2 p.c., Hamburg
21/4, Amsterdam 21/2, Berlin 3, Vienna 4, Turin 41/2, St. Petersburg 6%.
Week ending July 11:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 11. July
1868. S. 36.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Return shows the effect of one day’s dividend payments which commenced
on 8. Gvt. deposits drawn down to £2,624,630, plus £1,400,000, advanced to Chancellor of Exchequer
on some Gvt. security. Aber private deposits swelled by
£1,661,172, while £2,038,846 repaid of advances on private securities;
the reserve only diminished by £150,824. Decrease
in coin und bullion only £199,697, despite a
large shipment of specie to Buenos Ayres on account of the Argentine
loan.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 11.
July 1868. S. 37.
Schließen
Mercantile Embr.
Smith (of Smith,
Knight et Co) Contractors, applied to Court of Bankruptcy (on
8.) for order of discharge granted. Liab. over
£490,000; assets £4000 of bills „considered good“; £407 land at Hornsey;
„doubtful claim of £118,000 on the Penarth
Harbour, Dock, and Railway Co, not yet realised.“
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 11.
July 1868. S. 39.
Schließen
Railway Stock: Flat. Several Stocks fallen
considerably. Public, on balance, sell. Speculators on rise hesitate in face
of existing uncertainty as to forthcoming dividends.
Week ending July 18:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 18. Juli
1868. S. 64.
Schließen B.o.E. Of £365,007 decrease in
coin et bullion £241,000 withdrawn for exportation. The sum of
£250,000 (sovereigns) was withdrawn from the Bank on July 11 for Buenos Ayres on account of
Argentine loan. The remittances of specie to the
East show an increase. The steamer
Massilia, which left Southampton on 11. inst., took £148,955, wovon
£10,000 for Point de Galle, £40,000 for Bombay, £4,285 for Madras,
£73,500 for Singapore, £5,000 for Batavia, £13,960 for Hong Kong
und £2,210 for Yokohama.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Juli 1868. S. 65.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments:
Liverpool, failure of cornmerchant, partly caused by stoppage of
Marassi
et Sons, of Galatz and Ibraila. Australia: Stoppage of
Hendrick,
Livermore, et Co, of Rockhampton, Queensland, liab.
45,000£.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Juli 1868. S. 68.
Schließen
Railway Stocks firmer, rising. Now that
quarter has turned and their supply of floating capital largely increased,
bankers anxious to lend on railway securities.|
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868. (July. August.
September. October.)
Week ending July 25:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 25. Juli
1868. S. 94.
Schließen
B.o.E.:
During week result of import and export operations to add £17,000 to
Banks bullion stock; yet return shows a decrease of £109,201,
owing, doubtless, to harvest requirements. Australian advices to 21.
June announce additional shipments of gold to England to £381,000,
making the total on the way hither, including the sum previously
advised, nearly £1,200,000. The steamer Bangalore will take to-morrow
(25. July) £60,631, of which £34,892 is silver for Hong Kong, £21,400
silver for Shanghai, und £4,339 gold for Madras.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
25. Juli 1868. S. 97.
Schließen
Railway Stock. Good demand, changes in
prices upward. The large supply of unemployed money in the hands of bankers,
and the more favourable traffick returns issued by some of the
principal Cos., have induced purchases.
Week ending August 1:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 1. August 1868.
S. 122.
Schließen
Bullion Market (July 30): Gold: Since 23.
July following arrivals: £170,000 (per China), £53,000 £53,500 (per Saxonia), £69,500 (per Hansa) £23,000 (per City of Boston)
all from New York; £2,000 (per Etna) from
Halifax; £31,000 (per Reigate) from Melbourne; £26,000 (per Countess
Kintore) from Otago; £44,900 (per Tasmanian) from the West Indies; total,
£420,900. The demand for abroad so active that only £22,000 sent into the
Bank; the balance, together mit £96,000 withdrawn from the Bank,
has been sent away. Silver: The Tasmanian brought
about £65,000 from the West Indies. The demand is only for the Continent;
prices are therefore slightly lower, may be quoted as 603/8d. p. ounce. ounce standard. Mexican dollars: As the demand
for China has ceased prices are lower, and the coin is now only taken for
refining purposes.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
1. August 1868. S. 123.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments:
Failure of John and Ed. Corderoy et Co, provision
merchants, London, liab. about £50,000. Liverpool:
Zeigler, Meiss et Co,
liab. about £200,000, chiefly in connexion mit transactions in
cotton to arrive.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
1. August 1868. S. 124/125.
Schließen
Railway Market buoyant, important rise in
prices. The fortnightly settlement has shown a comparatively small supply of
stock in the market, und besides bankers more desirous to make
advances upon these securities wegen absence of any active demand from
merchants and others for discount.
Week ending August 8:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 8. August
1868. S. 150.
Schließen Increased demand for money.
Decline in coin and bullion £592,662, exceeds by about £392,000
amount taken from Bank for export during the week, absorption of
coin in harvest payments. Ferner amounts withdrawn privately for
transmission to Paris in connection with the new French
Loan.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 8. August
1868. S. 151.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: 2 members of
Stock Exchange failed, owing to losses in operations for a rise,
chiefly in Consols, Spanish Bonds of 1867, and Turkish of 1865.
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 8. August
1868. S. 154.
Schließen
Railway Markets flatter, fall in
prices; unfavourable traffick returns issued by most of the
principal Cos., und increased demand for money in the
discount market.
Week ending August 15:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 15. August 1868.
S. 178.
Schließen Traffick Returns of Railway
unsatisfactory, most of them showing a decrease, compared with the
corresponding period of 1867.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
15. August 1868. S. 178.
Schließen
The Exchanges: The disturbing influence exercised by
the new French Loan having now exhausted itself, Foreign Exchanges
once more moving in favour of this country.
Week ending August 22:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 22. August
1868. S. 200.
Schließen
B.o.E.
bullion fallen off (£65,528), although £150,000 in gold sent into Bank
during week. Absorption by increased circulation of coin for harvest
labour and tourists’ purposes. On the other hand, Reserve increased (by
£222,322)
Week ending August 29:
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
29. August 1869. S. 223.
Schließen Mercantile Embarrassments failure of Lond. firm of
stockbrokers. Glasgow – Newlands et
Co (Brazilian trade), liab. about
£120,000.
Week ending September 5:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 5. September
1868. S. 242.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Addition to Bullion less than sent in. Difference from addition to coin
circulation, owing to harvest and other temporary demands.
Week ending September 12:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 12. September
1868. S. 262.
Schließen
B.o.E. adds to Bullion stock as
result of export und import movements, on balance; but return
shows decrease (110,505£), considerable absorption for travelling
purposes.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
12. September 1868. S. 264.
Schließen
Railway Market: firm this week, most of the
principal stocks improved. Few bona fide purchases, but satisfactory
character of traffic has induced many of the recent operators for a fall to
close their accounts.
Week ending September 19:
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. September 1868. S. 282.
Schließen
Discount Market: good bills at 11/2 to 15/8%, the supply
of money being very large. However, we are now approaching the end
of the quarter, and the unsatisfactory condition of the public
balances renders it probable that Gvt. will be obliged to seek a
considerable advance from the Bank. At Paris
discount in open market 11/4%, Hamburg, Frankfurt,
Brussels 2%, Amsterdam 21/2, Berlin 3, Vienna 4,
Turin 41/2, St. Petersburg
51/2%.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. September 1868. S. 283.
Schließen
Mercantile Emb. Bankruptcy of Quarles Harris et
Co, Oporto Merchants, London. Liab. about 40,000l.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. September 1868. S. 284.
Schließen
Railway Market: Depression in Caledonian Stock,
North Brit.
, Great
Northern A, Chatham et Dover
, London and
Northwestern
, Sheffield, Lancashire and Yorkshire
, Great
Western; Dagegen improvement in: Metropolitan
, North
Eastern etc.
Week ending September 26:
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
26. September 1868. S. 302.
Schließen B.o.E.
Increase in coin et Bullion £188,848, whereas £293,000 in
newly imported gold sent into Bank from abroad during the week.
Week ending October 3:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 3. Oktober
1868. S. 322.
Schließen
B.o.E. Increase of coin et
bullion of only £36,296, although during week £235,000 in
newly imported gold sent into the Bank. At this period of the quarter
considerable amount of coin usually withdrawn in connexion mit
Gvt and other disboursements disbursements.
Week ending October 10:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 10. Oktober
1868. S. 344.
Schließen B.o.E. received during week from
abroad £159,000 in gold over and above what it parted with for export,
and, as the coin et bullion show a diminution of £293,191, a
total of £452,191 must have been absorbed into the internal
circulation.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
10. Oktober 1868. S. 345.
Schließen Mercantile Embarrassments: Suspension of Salavy et
Co, French House (London), besonders
in silk trade, mit connections at Marseilles. Liab. about
£100,000. Melbourne: failure of James
Anderson, squatter, liab. £200,000, and
virtually no assets. The losses chiefly made in land
speculations in the colony.
Week ending October 17:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 17. Oktober
1868. S. 366.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Payment of dividends commenced on 14. inst.
As
no immediate employment could be found in the market for the dividend
money, it was largely transferred to the private deposits, so daß
reduction of reserve only £411,695. On the import and export
transactions of the week the Bank parted mit nur £10,000 in
gold, as diminution of its treasure £543,695, continued absorption of
coin (internal) far beyond what usual at this period of the quarter.
Week ending October 24:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 24. Oktober
1868. S. 388.
Schließen
B.o.E.
During week upwards of £100,000, in newly imported gold sent into the
Bank, yet decrease of its treasure of £217,676 £217,076, thus indicating still an unusually large absorption of coin
in the internal circulation. This may be due, in part, to the pending
elections.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
24. Oktober 1868. S. 388 u. 390.
Schließen
Discount Market little alteration. General
decline in the rates of foreign exchange, in consequence of which
the bulk of 1/2
mill. of newly imported gold diverted to the Continent. Disposition
on part of public to embark in new Colonial and
Foreign Securities; inferred that the payment for these
will be attended with a certain effect upon the moneymarket. The
principal feature of the week was large
business, und almost general
rise in Foreign Stocks, which have been extensively taken,
in consequence of the high rates of interest they offer, and the
great abundance of money. Dabei Nicht entzifferte nachträgliche
Einfügung von Marx.
Schließen xxx(?) thätig
speculative holders on borrowed money.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
24. Oktober 1868. S. 391.
Schließen
Railway Business quiet, transactions upon
limited scale.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
24. Oktober 1868. S. 391.
Schließen
American Securities: Rise.|
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868. (October,
November, December.)
Week ending October 31:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 31. Oktober
1868. S. 410.
Schließen B.o.E. During the week the Bank,
on balance, parted with £71,000 in gold for export.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
31. Oktober 1868. S. 410.
Schließen
Discount Market: influenced a little by the
alteration in the character of the Bullion movement. Discounters
insist upon 15/8
to 13/4% for the
best 3 months’ bills. The demand showed a sensible increase to day,
partly in connexion mit dem settlement in the
Stock Exchange. At the Bank discount office applications to-day
likewise increased.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
31. Oktober 1868. S. 410.
Schließen
Foreign Exchanges: At the present rate of exchange –
110 – increased remittances of gold from New York may be expected. The
Foreign Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (European) Exchanges
without recovery; on Oct. 30 the rates for bills on France, Hamburg, and
Italy quoted rather worse for this country than on Friday last.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
31. Oktober 1868. S. 411.
Schließen
Stocks:
Funds without important movement. Yet the
continued flatness of the foreign exchanges, combined mit
some withdrawals of gold from the B.o.E., have led to a number of operations for the
fall, resulting in a decline of 1–16 to 1/8 p.ct.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
31. Oktober 1868. S. 412.
Schließen
Railway Market. Flat. Amount of business
limited, but consisted almost entirely of sales. There has been an increased
supply of stock at the settlement (completed Oct. 30) and decrease of
traffic in several lines. Almost general fall in prices.
Week ending November 7:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 7. November
1868. S. 432.
Schließen
B.o.E. Advances on private securities still unusually low, but
increase in commercial demand for money shown by the withdrawal of
£1,298,459 private deposits. Decrease in treasure £367,123, obgleich gold withdrawn for
abroad, on balance, nur £204,000. Coin still temporarily absorbed for
electioneering purposes.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. November 1868. S. 432.
Schließen
Discount Market: Better demand at B.o.E. In general market upward
tendency; best short bills 13/4 p.c., 3 months’ paper 17/8 to 2%.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. November 1868. S. 432.
Schließen
Foreign Exchanges: somewhat more in favour of this
country, except Spain.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. November 1868. S. 432.
Schließen
Clearing House: On 4 Nov. 1867 clearances
£11,948,000, 4 Nov. 1868 dagegen 12,710,000. This
increase in number of commercial bills afloat zeigt improving trade.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. November 1868. S. 433.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments:
„United Service
Bank“ (lim.) stopped payment. Stoppage of F. W. Hancock,
insurance broker, of Lloyds. Manchester: failure of
Hockmeyer et
Co, commission agents.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
7. November 1868. S. 434.
Schließen
Stock Market: signs of heaviness, owing to the
constant creation of new securities, and the belief that the steady
introduction of foreign loans, by affecting the exchanges, and drawing away
gold from this country, will result in somewhat higher value of money. Railway Market on the whole steady. Little bona fide
business except in debenture and other guaranteed stocks, which have been
absorbed to a considerable extent by investors. The speculative transactions
in the ordinary stocks are now mostly regulated by the traffic returns,
which are closely scrutinised.
Week ending November 14:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 14. November
1868. S. 454.
Schließen
B.o.E.:
Increase of £588,774 in the private securities indicates revival in the
Bank’s discount and loan business.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
14. November 1868. S. 454.
Schließen
Discount Market: Idea that Bank would raise its
discount (on 12 Nov.) No such action having taken place, and many persons
having apparently supplied themselves beyond their actual requirements,
market to-day (13.) quieter, but the rates not below 17/8 to 2% for choice bills. Exchanges
now steady, and the foreign drain of gold from the Bank has almost
ceased.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
14. November 1868. S. 455.
Schließen
Mercantile Emb.
Liverpool suspension of D. Robertson et
Co, timber merchants, liab. about £50,000.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
14. November 1868. S. 456.
Schließen
Stock Market: Many purchases on the Foreign Stock
Market; result: important rise in many cases. Public tired of low rates
afforded by the banks and discount houses for money on deposit, seem still
disposed to buy securities yielding a much higher rate of interest, and
this, too, with comparative safety.
Week ending November 21:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 21. November
1868. S. 476.
Schließen
B.o.E.
The amount of the decrease in the coin and bullion (£1,002,191) agrees
very closely with the sum (£1,076,000) known to have been withdrawn from
the Bank during the week for exportation – chiefly to Russia. Inasmuch,
however, as the drought which these withdrawals have made upon the
private deposits have been less than might have been expected
(£486,144), and as the Gvt. deposits have increased (285,771l.), the reduction in the reserve does not
exceed £554,976, in spite of increase of £556,817 in the Banks advance
on other securities. Diminution zugleich of £447,215 in active note
circulation.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
21. November 1868. S. 476.
Schließen
Discount Market.
Rise in minimum Rate of B.o.E. von 2%
(at which it has stood for 69 weeks) to 21/2%. On 17.
inst. 1,000,000£ in gold withdrawn from B.o.E., for
shipment to Russia, through Msrs. Baring Brothers and Co.
The money forms part of the proceeds of the Russian railway
loans lately issued in this country. The form of remittance is
Russian imperials, and nearly the whole amount of that coin held by
the Bank has been thus absorbed. Immediate effect: increased demand
for money, and an advance in the rates in the general market. On 19. inst. Directors of B.o.E. raised to 21/2%. General
terms for good bills 23/8 to 21/2%. For choice 6 months bank bills 23/4 to 3%. 16000
sovereigns for Nova Scotia, and 12,000 for India withdrawn from the
Bank on 19. Of the Australian gold now on the way to England,
amounting to £994,500, about £150,000 will be due within next week
or 10 days.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
21. November 1868. S. 478.
Schließen
Stock Markets: Foreign stocks have mostly
receded, being sensitive on account of the existence of a large
floating speculation for the rise, and because a considerable amount
of the new loans lately issued is still held on borrowed money. In
the Railway Market sales
preponderated. Extraordinary rebound of no less than 61/2 p.c. in Erie
Railway shares, the speculative excitement prevailing
in these shares at New York being to some extent reflected here.
Week ending November 28:
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
28. November 1868. S. 500.
Schließen
B.o.E. Decrease of treasure (£100,022)
less by about £60,000 than the sum withdrawn from the Bank for
export during the week. Hence coin is beginning to flow back from
provinces.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
28. November 1868. S. 500 u. 502.
Schließen
Bullion market: About 30,000 sovereigns
withdrawn from the Bank Nov. 26 for India. Some large supplies of
bullion just reported will be sent to Continent, the demand for that
quarter having increased. Railway Market:
decided depression.
Week ending December 5:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 5. Dezember
1868. S. 524.
Schließen B.o.E. Increase in mercantile
demand for money (£531,209 addition to the advances on private
securities.) Result is diminution of £436,044 in the reserve. Decline in
treasure of £169,189 accords almost exactly with the amount of gold
withdrawn from the Bank for export during the week.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
5. Dezember 1868. S. 515 u. 524.
Schließen
Discount Market: Further rise of minimum rate von 21/2 to 3 p.c. In the general
market the terms have risen to a level with this advanced minimum;
best 3 months’ bills 27/8 to 3 p.c. Zusammenfassender Kommentar von Marx.
Schließen Bank o. E. hat heavily invested in Gvt.
securities; da es diese nicht verkauft, so, sobald rate in
the General Discount Market stieg, und daher
increase of business at Bank o. E., forced to draw on
reserve; hence rise in the rate of discount.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
5. Dezember 1868. S. 524.
Schließen
Bullion market: 22,000 sovereigns taken
from the Bank on Dec. 3 for India, in connection apparently with the
telegraphic announcement that sovereigns and halfsovereigns are to be
received at all the treasuries in British India at the rate of 10
rupees 4 annas. On 4. Dec. 24000 sovereigns withdrawn for Egypt. Moderate
demand for bullion for the continent.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
5. Dezember 1868. S. 525.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments.
Manchester: failure of W. Morris et Son, spinners and
manufacturers. Liab. about £20,000. Ditto Swain Rhodes, spinner and
manufacturer.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
5. Dezember 1868. S. 526.
Schließen
Railway Market: Heavy speculation, causing
severe fluctuations in Metropolitan.
The amount of Railway stock held on borrowed money very heavy; this
constitutes always element of uncertainty. Except Brazilian, Portuguese, and
Spanish, which have fallen, Foreign Stocks mostly improved, despite
the rise in value of money and the existence of a large outstanding
speculation for higher prices.|
Notes to Movement of Money Market. 1868.
December.
Week ending December 12:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 12. Dezember
1868. S. 550.
Schließen B.o.E. Decrease in coin and
bullion £245,779, which exceeds by about £127,000 the gold withdrawn
from the Bank for export. Hence extraordinary absorption of coin in the
internal circulation still going on.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
12. Dezember 1868. S. 550.
Schließen
Bullion Market: About 46,000£ (in bar gold)
sent to Bank (Dec. 10), there being no inquiry for the Continent, in
consequence of the firmness of the Paris Exchange. On the other
hand, 20,000 sovereigns were withdrawn (from Bank) for India.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
12. Dezember 1868. S. 550.
Schließen
The Exchanges: Nach wie vor Rate of Discount
in open market at Paris 11/2 p.c., Brussels 2, Hamburg,
Frankfurt, Turin,
Amsterdam 21/2, Berlin 3, Vienna 4, St. Petersburg 51/2%. Owing to
the recent rise in the value of money here, which has not been
accompanied by any corresponding movement abroad, the foreign
exchanges this week are generally higher; the movement in favour of
this country extending to bills on Holland, Hamburg, France,
Frankfurt, and Vienna.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
12. Dezember 1868. S. 550.
Schließen
Clearing House: Clearance on 4 Dec. £14,120,000
against only £10,715,000 on 4. Dec. 1867. Hence may be inferred that trade
is improving.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
12. Dezember 1868. S. 551.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments: Suspension of Wyman and Arklay,
merchants, of Dundee, Boston, and New York. Liabilities large, at Dundee
alone 80–100,000£. Manchester Knowles (spinners und
manufacturers) Liab. £35,298 und assets £10,558. A committee of
investigation was appointed.
Week ending December 19:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 19. Dezember
1868. S. 576.
Schließen
B.o.E. Coin and bullion increase
of £316,646, though the nett amount received by Bank from abroad not
over £45,000. Hence reflux from internal circulation.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. Dezember 1868. S. 576.
Schließen Bullion Market. (to Dec. 17): Gold But one arrival, from the Westindies
£39,000. French Exchanges firmer, and now no demand for the
Continent; hence Bank o. E.
receives all present arrivals, and £69,000 sent in since 10. inst.
On the other hand, sovereigns have been taken to India and Ceylon,
the Brazils, Egypt. Silver: The Ripon has
taken £57,000 £57,800 to India, and the Marseilles steamer of 13 inst. £185,000
to Bombay. Rather large purchases made at von 603/4d. to 607/8d per oz.
standard, the supplies coming chiefly from the Continent. Mexican Dollars: The Ripon has taken £47,260
to China and the Straits. Fair demand for this coin, the amounts
sold have come chiefly from Holland. The Germania has brought £3,000
from New York.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. Dezember 1868. S. 576.
Schließen Clearing
House: £74,908,000 the week ending Dec. 16. The magnitude of the
total solely owing to the Stock Exchange settlement on Tuesday (Dec. 15) The
extraordinary extent of the speculation afloat in that establishment,
especially in foreign stocks, is demonstrated by the clearances having
reached 25,927,000£ against £19,866,000 on the same occasion last year.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. Dezember 1868. S. 577.
Schließen Mercantile Embarrassments:
J. Dixon et
Son, Preston. W. Morris and Son (spinners and
manufacturers) Manchester.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
19. Dezember 1868. S. 578.
Schließen
Stock and Share Market: The Market for
Foreign Stocks is in a state of tension, the recent creations having
been put forward with a degree of rapidity greatly in excess of the
absorbing capacity of the investing public; result that a large
amount of stock remains in the hands of speculators. Fall in foreign
securities severe. In English Funds reduction of this week about 1/4 p.ct. In
home Railway Stocks fall moderate, except as regards Metropolitan which has been much
depressed.
Week ending December 26:
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 26. Dezember
1868. S. 598.
Schließen
B.o.E.
Decided increase in demand of money indicated by inc. of
£844,417 in Priv. Securities and withdrawals of Priv.
Deposits (121,691). Yet in consequence of heavy influx of
Gvt. deposits, diminution in reserve trifling. Increase in
treasure exceeds by upwards of £100,000 gold sent into Bank from abroad
during week. Hence Reflux from Provinces.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
26. Dezember 1868. S. 598.
Schließen
Discount market: influenced by changes
customary at this season. Diminished supply of money, as usual
endeavours by mercantile public and Joint Stock Banks to increase
their balances. Best 3 months’ bills 27/8 to 3%. Business very active
(Dec. 23) at B.o.E. discount
office. No change in the continental discount rates (See Week ending
Dec. 12)
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
26. Dezember 1868. S. 598.
Schließen
Bullion Market: Amount of Australian gold
on way to England £534,000. The shipments of specie for the East by steamer
Syria, to leave Southampton on Dec. 26, show a considerable increase, the
total being £213,386. These are the particulars: For Galle, gold, £5,932, Bombay, gold, £5,400, ditto silver £10,000, Madras, gold, £4,993, Calcutta, gold, £5000, ditto silver, £157,000, Hong Kong, silver, £24,766 and Shanghai,
silver, £245.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
26. Dezember 1868. S. 599.
Schließen
Mercantile Embarrassments:
Von Marx verwendet im Brief an Engels
vom 23. Januar 1869: „Aus der ‚Money Market Review‘ ersehn,
daß Knowles 7s. 6d. zahlt. Wie gehts
diesem
Braven?“
Schließen Knowles
zahlt 7s. 6d. in £.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
26. Dezember 1868. S. 598.
Schließen
Zusammenfassung von Marx.
Schließen Exchanges favourable. No
shipment of cash for Continent.
Money Market
Review. Jahrgang 1868.
January 4, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar, 1868. S. 3/4.
Schließen
The Year 1867 in its Commercial and Financial
Aspect.
Most prominent amongst the disasters of 1867: the breakdown of the system of direction of joint stock Cos. Most conspicuous this in railways. First London, Chatham and Dover Co; dann London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway; the embarrassments of that Co. increased gloom and depression in railway market during whole of April. Then followed disclosure of similar breakdown, from the like causes, of North Brit. Co; the open calling in question of the soundness of the Caledonian; the urgent needs and equivocal expedients of the Great Western Co . The cumulative effect of these successive exposures has been most disastrous upon railway property. Total Depreciation of 14 Mill. £ on the ordinary stocks of those railways alone. That enormous sum does not represent 1/2 the total amount of loss sustained by the holders of railway stocks and shares. The whole loss mainly due to the unskilful, injudicious and reckless mismanagement of the resp. boards of directors.
Money market: On 1st Jan. 1867 amount of bullion in Bank o. E. £19,274,859, in Bank o. F. £28,580,000; minimum rate of discount in England 31/2, in France 3%. On 7 February B.o.E. rate reduced von 31/2 to 3%, on 30. May to 21/2, on 25. July to 2%, at which it continued for the remainder of the year. On 18 Sept. bullion in B.o.E. £24,493,447, highest point ever reached, reduced to £21,941,047 on 20 December, whilst £40,600,000 on that day treasure of B. o. France, highest amount that Bank ever held.
With such plethora of money, for which no profitable use to be found in
commerce, Foreign Gvt Loans, aber nicht so viel
zu erwarten Kommentar von Marx.
Schließen (dieß erst 1868); nämlich: January 1867, at 811/2
Chilian Loan of 2 Mill. £ in 6% Stock. (17 mill.
£ applications for that loan) February:
Queensland loan of £550,000 in 6% Debentures at
81, and the Danubian Loan of £1,264,420 at 71.
In March loan of £250,000 sought on Debentures
of Ceylon Gvt. at 102, but only £90,000 taken,
ab 30 November £100,000 subscribed at £108. 13s.
6d. In May Gvt. of New South
Wales loan of £832,000, subscribed at 851/2, has since shown profit of about
13% to the subscribers. June: loan of 2 Mill. £
in 5 P.Ct. guaranteed Bonds of the Russian
Orel and Vitebsk Railway, few
subscriptions. June, ditto, new Chilian loan, at 7%, taken at 891/4, of £1,120,920.
In August Russian 4% Railway loan of
£12 Mill., very few subscriptions. In November,
Egyptian 9% Loan for 2,009,200 at 90; and a
New Zealand 6% loan for £470,000, subscribed
at 1041/4. Finally,
in December, Nova Scotia 6% Bonds for £225,900
subscribed at par; a South Australian Gvt. 6% loan on Bonds for
£140,500, at and above £107; and Portugese 3%
Loan of 5,500,000£, at 381/2, of which £3,750,000 offered for
subscription.
Trade and Manufacturing Industry in a depressed and comparatively profitless state throughout the year.
Exports for first 11. months: | 1865: | £150,832,344. | 1866: | 173,913,222. | 1867: | 167,931,378. | Decr. nearly 6 mill. as compared mit 1866. |
Imports for first 10 months: | £160,506,818 | 193,699,380 | 181,370,314, | falling off of about 12 mill. compared mit 1866. |
Revenue Returns show decrease of £800,000 for the quarter (last quarter of 1867)
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 4/5.
Schließen
Commercial Morality.
Edward Greenland, set at liberty by Hardy, absconded to Genoa, refused to come and give evidence, to further the ends of justice, in regard to transactions of large amount etc.
Wilkinson, of Joint Stock Discount Co, rightly convicted; released upon extraordinary memorial got up and signed by many of the leading bankers and merchants of the City, countenanced by Times, now asking in dolorous accents: „What is to be done to resuscitate, not commercial credit, but commercial morality?“
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 5.
Schließen
B. o. England Rate of Discount.
6 months ending June 30. | 1867: | £3, 0, 3 | against 1866: | £7. 17. 2 |
〃 〃 Dec. 31 | 2. 1. 31/2 | 5. 16. 5 | ||
For the year: | 2. 10. 81/2 | 6. 16. 71/2 |
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 7.
Schließen
Stock and Share Market during 1867.
Besonders distinguished durch Panic in railway Stocks und collapse of a false system of accounts wodurch many railway Cos. have long been paying dividends out of capital.|
20Stock. | Amount outstanding March 31, 1867. | Price 31. Dec. 1866 | Price 31. Dec. 1867 | Rise. | Increase in Value in Amount of Stock. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3% Consols. | 397,896,594£. | £901/8 | 921/8 | 2 | £7,957,931 |
3% Reduced. | 106,857,504 | 891/4 | 92 | 23/4 | 2,938,581 |
New 3%. | 222,104,705 | 891/4 | 92 | 23/4 | 6,107,879 |
Total Increase in value. | 17,004,391 |
Railways. | Amount of Ordinary Stock. | Prices, Dec. 31. 1866. | Prices 31 Dec. 1867. | Rise in 1867. | Fall in 1867. | Amount of Depreciation in 1867. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bristol and Exeter | £2,022,000 | £88 | £84 | ― | £4 | £80,880 | |
Caledonian | 4,734,000 | 124 | 713/4 | ― | 521/4 | 2,473,500 | |
Glasgow and Southwestern | 3,132,000 | 118 | 97 | ― | 21 | 657,720 | |
Great Eastern | 8,336,000 | 29 | 311/2 | 21/2 | ― | a) | |
Great Northern. Ordinary | 4,468,000 | 120 | 109 | ― | 11 | 491,480 | |
Dto. A. | 1,159,000 | 1281/2 | 1091/2 | ― | 19 | 220,210 | |
Dto. B. | 1,159,000 | 129 | 125 | ― | 4 | 46,360 | |
Great Western | 8,181,000 | 543/4 | 441/4 | ― | 101/2 | 859,005 | |
Lancashire and Yorkshire | 12,694,000 | 1291/4 | 1231/2 | ― | 53/4 | 729,905 | |
London, Brighton, and Southcoast | 5,373,000 | 87 | 481/2 | ― | 381/2 | 2,068,605 | |
London, Chatham and Dover | 3,000,000 | 161/2 | 181/4 | 13/4 | ― | b) | |
London and North Western | 29,830,000 | 121 | 1141/2 | ― | 61/2 | 1,938,950 | |
London and South Western | 7,734,000 | 84 | 77 | ― | 7 | 541,380 | |
Manchester, Sheffield et Lincoln | 4,393,000 | 53 | 451/2 | ― | 71/2 | 314,475 319,475 | |
Metropolitan | 1,800,000 | 127 | 1161/2 | ― | 101/2 | 189,000 | |
Do. Extention | 1,900,000 | 1071/2 | 1031/2 | ― | 4 | 76,000 | |
Midland | 11,356,000 | 1231/2 | 104 | ― | 191/2 | 2,214,420 | |
North British | 2,759,000 | 38 | 341/2 | ― | 31/2 | 96,565 | |
North Eastern. Berwick | 7,973,000 | 1081/2 | 99 | ― | 91/2 | 757,435 | |
Do. Leeds. | 1,394,000 | 67 | 61 | ― | 6 | 83,640 | |
Do. York | 3,220,000 | 101 | 93 | ― | 81/2 | 273,700 | |
North London | 1,525,000 | 120 | 115 | ― | 5 | 76,250 | |
North Staffordshire | 3,230,000 | 74 | 61 | ― | 13 | 419,900 | |
South Eastern. | 7,688,000 | 671/2 | 67 | ― | 1/2 | 38,190 | |
Total Depreciation. | £14,652,570 | ||||||
Less total increase in value of Grt. Eastern |
a) |
less 208,400 |
zusammen less 260,900 |
||||
Less Total Incr. in Value of Lond. Chath. Dover. |
b) |
less 52,500 | |||||
Resultat: | £14,391,670 |
Dieß nur die closing prices of each year, aber die fluctuations during the year show a much wider range. The actual depreciation on the whole of the lines enumerated £14,391,670 = 101/3 P.Ct. on the aggregate Capital stated, the total amount of which is £139,010,000.
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 8.
Schließen
Prices of Foreign and Colonial Loans contracted in
1867.
Foreign Loans: | Nominal Amount | £:26,894,540. | Contract Value: | £17,406,068. | Difference zw. Nomin. Amount und Contract Prices: | £9,488,000 = 35% issued below par. |
Colonial Loans: | £2,267,500 | £2,139,880. | Difference | £127,620 or equal to 5% below par. |
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 8.
Schließen
Joint Stock Banks and their Reserve Funds.
Z.B. London Joint Stock Banks invest their socalled Reserve Funds in current business. Three of the leading joint stock banks of London have leately lately issued fresh capital, and taken the opportunity of adding to the reserve funds by charging a premium for the new shares. These premiums are to be paid in the course of the next 14 months. The reserve funds will then have attained, irrespective of any additions in the mean time for interest, viz: London und Westminster 1 Mill. £, London und County 1/2 Mill. £, London Joint-Stock £417,839 £417,849. If we add hinzu the „rest“ of the National Bank (£461,593) und of the National Provincial Bank of England (£250,386), die total reserve dieser 5 Banks = £2,629,818.
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 11/12.
Schließen
Indian Exchanges. Past and Present.
Nominal Sterling value of the „Company’s Rupee“ in India fixed at 2sh. If below 2s. in exchange for a rupee on India in favour of England, against India; if above 2s. against England, in favour of India. Less than 2s. st. drawn by India on England against India, in favour of England, above 2s. against England, in favour of India.
The fluctuations in Indian Exchanges, and their wide range, in some respects periodical. During prevalence of the southwest monsoon or the rainy season, when little produce exported, and business of all kinds comparatively at a standstill, oft difficult to work a profitable operation in exchange unless durch some indirect or circuitous channel.
All legitimate exchange transactions founded in something to be exchanged, or passing between one place and another, or one country and another. That something must be goods, produce, money, or securities for money invested. Suppose British manufactures wanted in India. Shipper of them may want his money or part of it, without waiting for returns from India. If the goods sent known to be saleable, and have been indented for or ordered by his correspondent on the spot, and the shipper and the party on whom he draws respectable, it is the business of a bank on this side to give money for bills against such goods, duly hypothecated or made over to it, either to a proportionate extent of the market value of such goods, at the place where they are to be sold, or, in the case of parties of undoubted responsibility as drawer and drawee, to the full amount of invoice, provided nothing is charged therein but actual cost, freight, insurance, and other expenses. Such transaction not speculative. It involves merely a change of ownership in the goods, until the bills drawn against them are paid on the other side. But often foreign markets over supplied by consignments for which there is no immediate demand. In a similar way produce shipped from India to England, and drawn against the banks becoming the purchasers of the bills, under hypothecation of the produce, with this difference, however, that the bulk of the produce is more on consignment for sale, |21 on shippers account, than in execution of orders. Außer China, Un. Kingdom Hauptmarket for India. The excess of exports from India to Un. Kingd. over and above imports gives rise to larger dealings in commercial bills of exchange than take place from England to India, which, allowing even for the difference of usance, are, generally speaking, negotiated on less favourable terms to the exporter than bills drawn from this side.
At particular seasons money is in demand for remittance to India, more especially silver, to enable the banks to avail themselves of exchange purchases. (Not for last 12 months to any extent.) Large exports of silver to India, partly weil its currency almost exclusively silver rupees ⦗a gold currency now recommended by the Indian Currency Commission⦘, partly weil balance of trade, commercially speaking, largely in favour of India. The price per ounce, English standard, at which bar silver is purchased in London, varies according to demand and the supplies received from the West Indies and South America, or that may be obtainable on the Continent. That price seldom falls below 5s. 03/8d. per ounce, or exceeds 5s. 11/2d. Under exceptional circumstances it may reach 5s. 2d. or 5s. 21/2d. per oz., but only under the powerful action of a short supply and great demand, the prevalence of an exchange in India greatly against England, and a scarcity of money in India.
Dieser par 2s. = 1 Rupee selbst illusorisch, aber convenient central or fixed point round which rates of exchange may fluctuate. Two shillings = 1/10£. By cutting off the right hand figure of a sum in rupees, if a cipher, a sum in pounds st. remains. By adding a figure to a sum in pounds st. if a cipher, a sum in rupees is obtained.
The Scotch banks, some few years ago, were in the practice of considering the par of exchange on London 21 days’ date. Their drawing rate is now 10 days’ date.
If in exchange dealings with India exorbitant profits are sometimes obtained, the reaction will assuredly be the greater in a contrary direction, and either the producer, merchant, or consumer will be the sufferer. The banks (though there are few left now) have of course a great deal in their power in rendering exchange transactions favourable or unfavourable for themselves. … In proof of the uncertainty attending applications for India Council Bills, at the last bidding on the 4. inst. no allotment was made, the Gvt. having unexpectedly decided upon minimum rate of 2% on Calcutta, and 3% on Bombay, in advance of former rates.
The Money Market Review, 4. Januar 1868. S. 20.
Schließen
Dates. of 1867.
Jan. 7. Resuscitation of Agra Bank. March 25 Strike of Engine drivers on Brighton Railway; terminated on the following day. June 19 Broadhead disclosures. October 2: Panic on Paris Bourse from apprehension of war, Garibaldian movement at Rome, forced liquidation of Credit Mobilier etc. 25 October: News of stoppage of the Commercial Bank of Canada. 21 October Stoppage of Royal Bank of Liverpool mit liabilities for £1,650,000. 8 November: Colliery explosion at Rhondda valley, near Cardiff, 178 lives lost.
January 11, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 31
Schließen
Railways und State Control.
„Economist“
The Money Market Review: at
length
Schließen at last reluctantly admits: „sole remedy for the present discredit in the
railway market is an independent audit of the accounts of
railway Cos by official auditors appointed by the State.“
„The Govt is the only uniform authenticator possible.“ Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen Review
bemerkt: the audit ought not to be optional
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (wie Economist will) but compulsory upon every Railway Co.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 32–34.
Schließen
Caledonian Railway.
Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Report of Committ. of
Investigation)
Ihre accounts enthalten all frauds possible. Directors gentlemen without business experience. Rely only upon their officials, 17 of whom were paid salaries in proportion to the dividend declared. The dividend declared July 1867 was nearly 6% p.a. Then erschien challenging statement, daß sie nur etwas über 4%. Committee now states it (noch zu hoch) etwas unter 3%. In den 2 last financial years expenditure of capital £1,982,765, dividends for same period in ordinary stock £556,726, little more than 1/4 of the sum borrowed.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 34/35
Schließen
Contract
Corporation (Lim.)
Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Chancery in(?))
Shares 100£. Haben nun ganz to be paid. Shareholders ruined. Mit alle dem erhalten Creditors nur 2s. 6d. in the pound.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 36/37
Schließen
Insurance Cos. Their Getting up and
Winding up Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Workingmen
beschissen).
Failure of Insurance Cos. very calamitous for those immediately
interested in them. Strangely got up and launched. Illustration: One concern (Insurance Co) started about 2 years
ago, with a capital of £500,000; but only £150,000, or less than 1/3 of this capital,
was subscribed for. for £10,000, payable under the articles of association for
promotion money, was, in fact, payable to the manager, he having assumed another name for the occasion.
This, we suppose, was money advanced to purchase the
directors, for, by means of this same purchase money the
interest of nearly every director in the Co. was made to appear as fully
paid up. In 18 months, which was the utmost extent of its career, the
Co. did much mischief. First, it became the focus of 5 several
amalgamations mit other Cos; and thus acquired nearly 400
shareholders, now liable as contributories, but prepared to contest it.
None of the directors in any of these amalgamating concerns took any
share or interest in the Co. to which they thus handed over their own
shareholders. And these projects, we may presume, had been got up upon
the same liberal and philanthropical principles, and pure und
disinterested motives, as the Co. in question. In one instance there
were special provisions for annuities in favour of such of the directors
as were not to receive any of the emoluments to be distributed amongst
the members of the new board, and of their widows after them! They were
evidently prudent, farseeing man, these directors of the amalgamating
Cos Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen !
Zweitens, the directors of the Co in question
had granted insurances to some 150,000 insurers, most of whom were
making weekly or monthly payments, in accordance mit
den terms of their policies, also workingmen in victims.
Drittens: They had appointed, before the
scheme collapsed, about 700 agents in the U. Kingd., from whom balances
appear to be due upwards of £25,000; but all or almost all of these
agents repudiate their liability. Court has, therefore, resorted to the
extraordinary expedient of appointing a special commission to take
evidence in relation to them in London, in Manchester, and 3 other
principal towns. Trotzdem, not more than 1% has still been recovered.
Sobald dieß Co. nicht länger could go on, shareholders’ meeting held
mit view to wind it up voluntarily. Resolution to this
effect carried und liquidator appointed – Niemand anders als
Mr. Manager who had got up the Co Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen ! The object
of such winding up and such Liquidator, of course, to avoid the
disclosures of an official liquidator Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen ! Aber mißlang. Da voluntary liquidator
superseded durch official one who makes these preliminary revelations.
Up to the time at which he wrote, the official liquidator had received
upwards of 1000 claims upon the Co. Amongst these claims one for £1,600
on the part of the manager and previous
liquidator, und, of this claim, £600 made upon an unpaid cheque
on account of salary. Drawn when there were cheques already issued to
£1,300 more than the balance at the Co’s bankers. The remainder was for
an alleged deposit by the manager, who, through his assignee, claimed
£2,600 for unpaid salary. This gent, not content with the £10,000 he
obtained for getting up the Co., wants £2,600 for bringing it to ruin in
the Winding-up Court. The Co which this manager mismanaged never issued
but one balance-sheet, and that was entirely false and fraudulent. Two
balance sheets were prepared, „both of the same date, but materially
differing in nearly every line; one corresponding with the books, the
other corresponding with them in scarcely |22 very single
item“; the one was suppressed, the false one issued. During the
18 months’ existence of the Co. this manager managed to bring into use
some 850 books, exclusive of those at the 700 agencies, and exclusive of
those handed over by the amalgamated Cos, making probably more than 2000
books; and, although some 30 clerks were employed by the Co., their
salaries were all in arrear, and there was a gap in the account books
for 4 months out of the 18, which can only be filled up from a heap of
loose and disorderly papers.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 37.
Schließen
Silk in 1867. (Annual Circular of Durant et
Co.[)]
Total importation scarcely 10% in excess of 1866, deliveries almost identical. Prices for all, but the best classes (always small proportion of the whole) so to 20 to 25 P.Ct. below those of the commencement of the year. Manufacturers have kept their stocks at the lowest possible point, thus escaping serious mischief.
The Money Market Review, 11. Januar 1868. S. 37.
Schließen
Agricultural Implements. 1867. (Annual
Circular of Burgess and Key.)
Great increase in the demand for agricultural implements, besonders for reaping and mowing machines. Mainly from the necessity for machinery which the increasing deficiency of agricultural labourers creates, besonders in all that relates to the securing of crops.
January 18, ’68.
The Money Market Review, 18. Januar 1868. S. 59/60
Schließen
Causes of Present Commercial
Depression.
Depression in industry, falling off in Exports and Imports and in the Revenue, enormous accumulation of unused gold in B.o.E., large proportion of people only partially employed, or unable to earn an income adequate to meet their expenditure. … Distrust of Joint Stock Cos. und want of confidence in Railway Directors one of the reasons. Aber Hauptsache: Falsch that the losses sustained by certain members of the community have been the gains of other members, and, that, therefore, the public in its totality has sustained no loss. But the difference between the gains of one class and the losses of the other has been enormous.
Those losses have been the natural result of excesses which prevailed during the 2 or 3 years of enterprise and speculation which immediately preceded the panic of 1866. During that period an immense amount of property so called – i.e. property which was nominally and apparently real, but in fact fictitious – was created, and bought and sold according to its nominal value. A joint-stock Co. put forth its prospectus, proposing to raise a nominal capital of 1 Mill. St., on which one 10th, or £100,000 was to be paid. The one million being subscribed, and the £100,000 paid, the shares rose to a premium, and the value of the £100,000 became £500,000, and at that value £500,000 of hard cash, let us say, was invested in them. The purchasers or owners believed that they were in actual possession of bona fide property to that amount, and, on the faith of that assurance, they bought and sold other property, and entered into other contracts and engagements, and launched out, and lived, and consumed, and expended accordingly. But when the panic came the £400,000 which had been created in the shape of premium gradually melted away. As the depression resulting from the panic continued, the £100,000, the amount originally paid also disappeared. The whole became worth nothing at all. After a time this not the whole loss. The Co. being in the winding up court, there were numerous debts to be paid, and the calls of the liquidators to meet. These are eating into and consuming whatever property the hapless holders of the shares had reserved to themselves. They have been compelled to abandon or withdraw from the contracts they had entered into on the faith of this property, so called, and to curtail their expenditure, and to lessen their business transactions, if not utterly to abandon them, in order that they may have the means to meet the calls. This occurred not in one but in 100 Cos. The number of traders, investors, and other individuals thus involved and impoverished many thousands. The number of those who have become indirectly compromised in their failure must be greater still. The share property of those persons entirely vanished. Nun kam hinzu 10% discount enforced during 3 months after the Panic. Impossible to estimate the loss this inflicted. Hence the general distrust. No manufacturer or merchant or trader can be certain that a man with whom he deals has not been seriously „hit“ in some Co., or may not be seriously compromised by his transactions with somebody who has been so „hit“; and every one is therefore suspicious and distrustful of those with whom he may come into commercial contact.
The melancholy exposures of the mismanagement of railway boards have of course enormously added to the evil, though they had perhaps not much to do with it originally. Losses der holders of ordinary stock in 1867 zwischen 15 und 17 Mill. St., and the losses upon the whole of the railway stock would probably be at least double that amount. All these things act or react with more or less severity upon ever widening circles. The halfyearly dividends, upon due receipt of which numbers of families were mainly, or, perhaps, wholly dependent for subsistence, most materially reduced or vanished altogether. In all such cases the friends of such families must have become sufferers with them. Shares, bonds, and other securities have been unsaleable, or saleable only at a fearful sacrifice; and, in most cases where that sacrifice, from urgent necessity, has been submitted to, the produce of the sales by the necessity which compelled the sale. The money in those cases has not come upon the market for re-investment, for, if not so absorbed and consumed, it would rather seek safety and comparative unproductiveness in the banks. Hence one source of the enormous accumulations of money in the hands of bankers. Distrust, want of confidence, sends it there and keeps it there. All classes made directly or indirectly partakers in these losses. Everybody has been „pulling up“, reducing his establishment, or economising his expenditure, from want or prudence. Equivocal state of politics in Europe, and consequently unsettled state of commerce all over the Continent, as well as the not satisfactory aspect of things in America, has something to do with the prolongation of this condition of trade, but not much, in comparison with the principal causes. We have enormous accumulations of money in banks, because merchants and traders have no adequate amount of legitimate trade in which to employ it. Commerce contracted in its operations, trade dull, demand slack, credit at a low ebb, confidence checked, because such large numbers of our population reduced and impoverished by enormous losses, which, affecting in the first instance only particular classes, have now in natural course of things, extended to and involved the whole community.
Railway Profits. Delusive Government
figures. Zusatz
von Marx.
Schließen (Competition of
Railways)
Aus:
The Money Market Review, 18. Januar
1868. S. 61.
Schließen Nach supplementary
statement about railways recently published by Board of Trade, „ordinary capital“ paid up at end of 1865 in
England und Wales, in round numbers, 187 Mill., in Scotland
over
8 Mill.,
in Ireland 14 Mill. Total of ordinary capital, possessing no
priority, thus 2191/2 Mill. Nach diesem Parliamentary Return the average
rates of dividend upon this unguaranteed capital were, in 1865, in
England und Wales over 51/4%, in Scotland 43/4, in Ireland 31/2%, thus making
average nearly 51/4%. Now this quite delusive. In 1865, when these figures were
rendered to the Board of Trade, the whole thing was a fiction from
beginning to end.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
18. Januar 1868. S. 61/62.
Schließen The competition
encouraged by Parliament has had this effect that it has brought many of
our railways to the merge verge of bankruptcy, and now the only method to maintain the public
service, is to cast aside the theory, or ruin the railways.|
The Money Market Review, 18. Januar 1868. S. 61.
Schließen
Joint Stock Banks Profits. Banking Profits
und Rate of Discount.
Reports issued during present week. Except London und Westminster Bank, considerable falling off in amount of profits for past 6 months, as compared with the 6 months ending June last.
Auch profits of Lond. und Westm. vermindert, vgl. mit 1866. In 1866 its net profits £463,685, in 1867 £293,712, the decline £169,973. Für die 3 Banks (London und Westminster, London Joint Stock Bank und Union Bank net profits in 1866: £983,046, in 1867: £669,629; difference = £313,417, equal to nearly 1/3. Jedoch die average B.o.E. rate of discount in 1866: £6. 16s. 71/2d. und in 1867: £2. 10s. 81/2d. Thus banking profits, although much affected, do not diminish in an equal proportion to the fall in the value of money.
The Money Market Review, 18. Januar 1868. S. 64.
Schließen
U. States Currency.
Washington Jan. 16. Senate passed the Bill repealing Mr. MacCulloch’s authority to contract the currency.
25. January 1868.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 94.
Schließen
The Stock and Share Markets during 1867.
Amount paid. | Prices Dec. 31. 1866 | Prices Dec. 31. 1867 | Rise in ’67 | Fall in ’67 | Amount of increased Value. | Amount of Depreciation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alliance (lim.) | £25 | £19 | 14 | ― | 5 | ― | £200,000 |
B. o. England. | Stock | 249 | 239 | ― | 10 | ― | 1,445,300 |
City. | 10 | 15 | 12 | ― | 3 | ― | 150,000 |
Consolidated (Lim.) | 4 | 43/4 | 41/4 | ― | 1/2 | ― | 75,000 |
Do. (New) | 2 | 3/4 dsct | 1/4 pm. | 1/2 | ― | 25,000 | ― |
East London. (lim.) | 5 | 3 | 3 | ― | ― | ― | ― |
Imperial (lim.[)] | 20 | 26 | 18 | ― | 8 | ― | 160,000 |
London and County. | 20 | 64 | 59 | ― | 5 | ― | 187,500 |
London Joint Stock. | 15 | 44 | 36 | ― | 8 | ― | 576,000 |
London and Westminster | 20 | 97 | 97 | ― | ― | ― | ― |
National Provincial | 42 | 137 | 135 | ― | 2 | ― | 20,000 |
Do. (2nd et 3d issues) | 12 | 39 | 381/2 | ― | 1/2 | ― | 27,500 |
National | 30 | 68 | 62 | ― | 6 | ― | 240,000 |
Union of London | 15 | 45 | 361/2 | ― | 81/2 | ― | 680,000 |
Totals | £25,000 | £3,771,300 |
The reductions for the year, calculated on the prices of Dec. 31, 1866, are as follows: Imperial Bank 303/4 P.Ct., Alliance 26 P.Ct., City 20 P.C. Union, 19 p.ct., London Joint Stock, 18 P.Ct. National 83/4 PCt. London and County 73/4%.
Amount paid. | Prices 31. Dec. 1866 | Prices 31. Dec. 1867 | Rise during 1866 1867 | Fall during 1867 | Amount of increased value | Amount of Depreciation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anglo-American (Lim.) | £10 | £153/4 | £191/2 | £33/4 | ― | £225,000 | £ ― |
Atlantic Telegraph | Stock | 341/2 | 521/2 | 18 | ― | 108,000 | ― |
- - 8 P.C. | Stock | 721/2 | 941/2 | 22 | ― | 132,000 | ― |
Credit Foncier of Engl. (Lim.) | 10 | 5 | 31/4 | ― | 13/4 | ― | 350,000 |
General Credit et Discount (Lim.) | 71/2 | 5 | 51/8 | 1/8 | ― | 25,000 | ― |
Hudson’s Bay. | 20 | 163/8 | 143/4 | ― | 15/8 | ― | 162,500 |
Internat. Financ. Soc. (lim.) | 5 | 3 | 23/4 | ― | 1/4 | ― | 37,500 |
London Financ. Assurance (lim.) | 30 | 141/2 | 71/2 | ― | 7 | ― | 280,000 |
London and Provincial Marine (lim.) | 2 | 2 | 11/2 | ― | 1/2 | ― | 32,250 |
National Discount CO. (Lim.) | 5 | 143/4 | 11 | ― | 33/4 | ― | 600,000 |
Ocean Marine Insurance Co. | 5 | 201/2 | 201/2 | ― | ― | ― | ― |
Peninsular and Oriental Steam | 50 | 63 | 55 | ― | 8 | ― | 320,000 |
Thames and Mersey Marine (lim.) | 2 | 53/4 | 43/4 | ― | 1 | ― | 100,000 |
Universal Marine | 5 | 2 | 41/2 | 21/2 | ― | 125,000 | ― |
Royal Mail Steam | 60 | 961/2 | 62 | ― | 341/2 | ― | 517,500 |
Totals | £615,000 | £2,399,750 |
Home Funds | improved in the year | £17,004,391 | |
Indian Gvt Securities | dtto | 2,490,008 | |
Colonial Bonds etc | dtto | 2,887,659 | |
Foreign and Colonial Banks | dtto | 202,148 | |
Total improvement | £22,584,206 | ||
Less depreciation in | Engl. Railw. (Ordinary Stock.) | £14,391,670 | |
London banks | 3,746,300 | ||
Miscellan. Cos. | 1,784,750 | ||
Total Depreciation | £19,922,720 | ||
Net Improvement | £2,661,468. £2,661,486. |
(Rechnet man Depreciation auf Railways 30 Mill. (andre als ordinary stock included), so bleibt grosse Depreciation, selbst von all other not enumerated concerns abgesehn.)
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 92.
Schließen
Italian Deficits.
Deficit | in 1864 | £12,640,000 |
in 1865 (Estimate) | 8,280,000 | |
in 1866 (Estimate) | 4,000,000 | |
At the beginning of 1867 total debt about (estimate) | 240,000,000 | |
Add deficit of 1866–67 (ascertained) | 32,800,000 | |
Add deficit of 1867–68 (not ascertained) | 52,200,000 25,200,000 | |
Summa | £298,000,000 or about 300 Mill. £. St. at close of 1867. |
Hereupon Victor Emmanuel lays violent hands upon the property of the Church, and decrees that the priest shall pay for the soldier.|
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 88.
Schließen
Midland Railway.
Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Börsenmogelei und
Directors.)
Special meeting last week. Nämlich in December (’67) hatten die directors circular erlassen, worin proposed to raise 5 Mill. St. for completing works etc[.] Darauf fiel value of stock sehre. But, apart from this, there were circumstances connected with the issue of the circular convening the meeting of last week which aroused grave suspicions of unfairness. The circular was dated 14. December, and did not reach its destination until 3 days after, during which interval heavy sales of stock were made, and the decline in market price was singularly rapid. Hence reasonably inferred that these sales, pressed at that particular moment, indicated that priority of information used by some persons behind the scenes.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 89/90.
Schließen
Caledonian
Railway. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Ersatz des
Verschleisses.)
Von Marx übernommen und mit eigenen
Angaben ergänzt in Manuskript II zum zweiten Buch des „Kapital“
(MEGA² II/11. S. 107.21–28 und
S. 121. 39–122.2).
Schließen Committee of Investigation … Captain Fitzmaurice, auditor of the Grt. Northern and
Brighton
says: „Revenue should be charged for maintenance of way at the rate of £300 for quadruple,
£200 for double, and £150 for single line half yearly. A fixed charge of not
less than 121/2 P.Ct. on locomotive engines and tenders,
and 9 P.Ct. on carriages and waggons, calculated on their original
cost as they stand in the Co’s books, should be made annually
for depreciation, renewals, and repairs.“ Dagegen Caledonian Account keeping: In the last 3 half-years not
one penny has been charged to revenue for replacement of 524 engines
belonging to the Co. In the last 2 half-years nothing has been charged
to revenue for replacement of carriages; but, on the contrary, all that
had been so charged to revenue for 4 half-years previously, about
£8,000, was written back to the credit of revenue and charged to
capital, so that for 6 half-years nothing
whatever is charged to revenue for replacement of carriages. For the
last 2 half-years nothing whatever is charged to revenue for renewal of
waggons. Meantime, for the 2 years under review, £450,000 is charged to
capital for new rolling stock, although the traffic of the line now
considerably lower than 2 years ago. The engineer employed to inspect
the rolling stock shows that a large number of the engines are nearly
done, and that no less than 100 must be replaced out of revenue in the
next 5 years. … Besides neglecting replacement,
the Caledonian kept down even the repairs by
employing a large proportion of new stock, and throwing the old on easy
work … Von Marx mit Auslassungen übernommen in
Manuskript II zum zweiten Buch des „Kapital“ (MEGA2 II/11. S. 107.28–108.4 und
122.2–13).
Schließen From the experience of the Caledonian and
Scottish
North-Eastern it is clear that none of its stock
lasts even 20 years. Mr. Clark thinks that with very good upholding and
an excellence and suitability in the stock of engines which
those of the Caledonian do not possess, a maximum of 25 years
may be reached. Full allowance, average of 221/2 years.
Estimate the old materials at 1/5 of the new cost. The total cost of
the Caledonian rolling stock stands in its books at 2,600,000£,
of which about £1,400,000 value of 524 engines, and £1,200,000
as cost of carriages and waggons. Taking, then, 1/5 from
£2,600,000, we have £2,080,000 divided by 221/2 as the annual charge for
replacements alone, so as to uphold the stock fairly. This gives
92,500£ as annual charge for the renewal, or £185,000 for the
2 years instead of the £7,000 charged by the Caledonian, complacently assumed as correct by the
auditors … Graham, the Co’s
Engineer, stated that „his instructions were to charge to capital every
expenditure in the nature of additions to previously existing works,
such as additional siding accommodation, lengthening of station
platforms, enlargement of stations, sheds, and workshops, and additional
buildings of every description, and that, in charging to capital the
cost of such additional works, no deduction was to be made of any
previously existing works of which they might be in substitution.“
Von Marx übernommen in Manuskript II
zum zweiten Buch des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/11. S. 108.5–7 und
124.18–21).
Schließen The only sound way is to charge each year’s revenue with the
depreciation necessarily suffered to earn the revenue, whether
the amount is actually spent or not. As long as shareholders are „drugged with dividends“ they will
sanction everything directors put before them.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 90.
Schließen
Banks and Railway Cos.
Exposures in railway affairs have shown that many of the leading banks have been ministering to the profligacy of railway directors. Lent money to railway Cos. which have no parliamentary power to borrow. Every such loan illegal. The Union Bank lent the Brighton Railway Co. thus £500,000. Laing forced the Bank, because its been illegal, into taking preference stocks that rank below all pre-existing preference issues. A Scotch Bank figures amongst the creditors of the Brighton Railway Co. Scotch Bank have encouraged Scotch railways in their course of illegality. They lent the Caledonian £500,000 on floating loans.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 90/91.
Schließen
Overend,
Gurney et Co. (lim.) Report of the
Liquidators.
Report of Liquidators, showing result of liabilities (outstanding) and assets on 31. Dec. ’67.
Contributories (omitting the members of the late firm, who held 8,323 shares) about 2,219, holding in the aggregate 91,667 shares. Two calls of £10 each made and the total amount paid by the shareholders so auf 11/2 mill. £ St., davon upwards of 1 mill. paid during the past year.
Liabilities at date of suspension on 10. May, 1866 = £18,727,915. On 25. Febr. 1867 reduced by £3,640,655 15,087,259, leaving at that date £3,640,655. The indebtedness, during 1867, further reduced by the realisation of securities etc and dividends paid, by £2,449,800, leaving £1,190,855 only. The calls already made have impoverished and beggared many shareholders and family. First call of £10 p. share paid in full by 1,864 persons, holding 77,658 shares, and is in course of payment by 43 others, holding 3,658 shares. There are 238 other persons, holding 7,752 shares, who cannot pay that call in full, and 116 others, holding 4,174 shares, who will not be able to pay any portion of it. With any additional call, an additional number of the contributories will be pressed out of the paying rank and must fall into the category of the utterly insolvent and ruined. The shareholders already lost all their capital = 11/2 mill. £, and contributed besides über 11/2 mill. £ as contributories.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 104.
Schließen
Capital of Railways in U. Kingd. Board of Trade
Return. (für 1866)
Capital authorised to be raised to end of 1866 on railways in U.K. = £466,151,633 on shares, und £154,412,773 by loans. Total = £620,564,406 showing, as compared mit 1865, increase of capital authorised in Session of 1866, of £44,272,743. Total amount paid up on ordinary shares was £228,245,629, being increase of £8,647,433 in 1866. The amount paidup on preferential shares and stock £134,455,098, increase of £10,191,623. Amount raised on debenture stock £14,105,594, increase of £310,219, and on debentures £105,065,863, increase of £7,244,766, making the total amount of capital paid up to 31 Dec., 1866, £481,872,184, increase of £26,394,041, as compared with amount paid on Dec. 31, 1865.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 106.
Schließen
Lawyers and railways
In the 6 years 1861–66 the railway Cos of the U.K. paid £1,378,167 for legal and Parliamentary expenses. It exceeds £19,000 a month.|
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 111.
Schließen
Railway Trains (1866)
In 1866 in England and Wales railway trains run distance of 117,313,154 miles, or 22 Mill. miles more than distance of earth from sun. In 1866 the Scotch railway trains run 17,680,579 miles, und the Irish 7,814,120 miles. Zusammen U.K.: 142,807,853 miles, as compared with 139,527,127 miles in 1866. Increase in 1866 of 3,280,726 miles. Of the 142,807,853 miles in 1866, passenger trains contributed 73,383,356 miles und goods trains 69,424,497 miles, showing an increase in 1866, gegen 1865, of 2,176,538 miles in the distance run by passenger trains, and 1,104,188 miles by goods trains.
The Money Market Review, 25. Januar 1868. S. 105
Schließen
Causes of Commercial Depression. (Eingesandt
von
G.
Townend. Mincing Lane.[)]
One of the reasons excessive competition amongst Joint Stock Banks. It is part of the business system of these banks in the East and elsewhere to advance to shippers on the security of goods shipped. It was formerly their custom to advance only to the extent of 2/3 of the value, but of late years, and till very recently, so great has been the competition and so eager the anxiety to do business, that advances have been made to the full cost value of the goods. Men of small means, aware that they are trading with the capital of a bank, have thus been induced to make speculative shipments. The demand thus occasioned for the productions of the countries where the banks may be located, has been immense; prices have risen enormously, and production been stimulated accordingly. Wealthy firms have first looked on in astonishment, but gradually become the most eager shippers, the most tenacious holders and ultimately the heaviest sufferers. Consumers on this side, alarmed at the largeness of supplies, purchase only for immediate wants; prices fall considerably; the goods continuously arrive, are sold at a great loss, and after a time – crisis.
The fraudulent system for railway construction. A contractor tenders for the construction of a line, for which he is to be paid in the stock of the Co; the tender being based upon the price at which the stock is disposable. In other words, if the contractor finds he can only realise the stock at 70 or 50 P.Ct. discount, he will only do £30 or £50 of work for every £100 stock he receives. Therefore it is evident that stock so issued ceases to be stock except in name; it is in reality a £30 or £50 share; and the public who are deluded into purchasing under the impression that they are buying £100 fully paid up are deceived and ensnared. And this acts as a tax upon the people, as a dividend is expected to be earned upon the apparent stock, and fares are charged accordingly. Besides, the mischievous impression gets abroads abroad that the construction of railways is not remunerative.
Recent disclosures have endlich shown that some Cos. are founded only for the benefit of promoters; and others with entirely fraudulent intentions.
1 February, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 1. Februar 1868. S. 121/122
Schließen
Brighton Railway und
Manchester, Sheffield,
and Lincolnshire Railway Co.
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (Verschleiß of steamers)
Nach den last reports die new directors der Brighton R. stated in plain terms that all till now told about the finance of the Brighton Co. is simply false. Dividends at the rate of 6% p.a. were regularly paid, and we are now told that there never was any dividend at all earned on the ordinary stock. The capital, in the course of a few years has been doubled without any corresponding addition to the net profit.
Was die
Manchester, Sheffield
etc angeht No depreciation fund has been made for the
steamers, which stand in the books at £161,000. Mr. Watkin treats this jauntily as a
small matter. Aber: die
Von Marx übernommen in Manuskript II zum
zweiten Buch des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/11. S. 107.15–19).
Schließen lowest practical estimate of the cost of maintaining and
replacing steamboat property is 15% p.a. The rate allowed by the
Gvt to the Peninsular and
Oriental Co. is 16%.
The Money Market Review, 1. Februar 1868. S. 123/124.
Schließen
A Joint Stock Discount Syndicate and its Doings.
Dieß history findet sich in report of some proceedings in the Rolls Court on 25 Jan. ’68. In November, 1865, when shares of Joint Stock Disc. Co. fallen to a considerable discount, Wilkinson, the managing director, together with another director and 2 shareholders, Fox and Stafford, and some other parties, formed themselves into a „syndicate“ or club, for the purpose of forcing up the market price of the shares. Plan of the syndicate to „earwig“ some of the largest shareholders in the concern, and induce them to enter into written agreements not to sell any shares without the permission of the syndicate, whilst the syndicate themselves were to purchase 5,000 shares, to be apportioned amongst them. Carrying out of this scheme entrusted to Stafford who was to receive £1000 when he should have got the price up to £1 discount, and another £1000 when it should reach £1 premium, and a final sum of £2000 when it should have risen to £2 premium. The syndicate held regular meetings, and kept a minute book of their proceedings. But where was the money to come from to pay the £5000?
It was arranged that the money for the purchases should be provided out of the funds of the Co. The persons concerned in the purchases accepted bills for the amount, and those bills being discounted by Wilkinson, on behalf of the Co., the proceeds were paid away for the shares. In carrying out the scheme it was necessary, to disguise the transaction, that some of the shares should be bought in the names of other persons than those of members of the syndicate. Dazu Fox introduced his friend Gledstanes, to Mr. Stafford, as a person to whom 500 of the shares to be purchased might be transferred. Mr Fox, to satisfy the scruples of Gledstanes, undertook that the shares should not remain in his name, but be at once transferred to a nominee of the Co., and that Gledstanes should not be called upon to pay anything or incur any liability in respect of them. Relying upon this undertaking, Gled. accepted and executed transfers to him from several persons to the number of 500 shares, and at the same time executed transfers of these same shares in blank, leaving Stafford to fill in the name of the Co’s nominees. Gled. for some time heard no more of the matter; but, in mean time, shares fell, despite the purchases of the syndicate. This, it is said in the published report, was „in consequence of sales to the amount of 2000 shares by the chairman of the Co.“ The shares continuing to fall, the syndicate, on the 27. Jan. 1866, caused the transfers to Gled. to be registered, but did not fill up and register the transfers he had executed in blank, as they had agreed to do; and, consequently, when the Co. failed shortly afterwards, Gled. found upon register and put upon list of contributories. Gled. contended that his name ought to be taken off that list; that the whole scheme was known to and approved by the directors (was den Chairman nicht verhinderte to sell on his account 2000 shares); that the transfers he had executed to some nominee of the Co. ought to have been registered also. This well between Gled. and his friends of the syndicate; but as between him and the creditors of the Co., the Master of the Rolls „could not see it“. The syndicate purchased some 5000 shares and „let in“ all the friends in whose names they caused them to be registered.|
The Money Market Review, 1. Februar 1868. S. 126.
Schließen
Steel and Iron Rails (from Circular of W. Bird et Co.)
The scientific demonstration of the worthlessness of iron rails as compared mit steel does not practically affect trade. The former are still ordered largely, even for countries where steel rails could be delivered at little additional cost. Small proportion, do., of Bessemer steel rails purchased by home lines. The high price of steel rails enhances greatly the difficulty in extending their use and introduction, and as now iron rails can be had at £2 to £2. 10s. per ton in exchange for old rails (weight for weight), iron seems likely to maintain its footing for some time. Wrought iron rails are still in existence which have lasted 20 years and upwards, even on main lines, and it is therefore not impossible to make them of good quality. Deteriorations introduced partly due to the wretched quality of the mode of payment proffered in exchange. However bad the iron rails, yet exceeded in many instances where they are now complained of by the paper money which paid for them. The steel trade in its infancy, and some of the new methods of producing first class cheap steel will become more formidable competitors in the rail trade of this country then hitherto the Bessemer.
The Money Market Review, 1. Februar 1868. S. 141.
Schließen
U. States Finances on 1st. January 1868 (Monthly
Statement of Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen M.Culloch
, Secretary of Treasury)
On 1st Jan. 1868: Debt bearing interest in coin. Dollars 1,890,102,091: 80 Cents. Debt bearing interest in paper: $328,491,230. Debt on which interest has ceased $15,871,640. cts 83. Debt without interest $407,851,290. ct.85. Total Debt Jan. 1: $2,642,316,253. ct. 48. During the month of December the debt was increased $2,943,680. 80c., but total debt for Jan. 1, 1867 was $2,675,062,505 c.43, showing reduction, during the past year, of $32,736,251. c.95. McCulloch continues his policy of funding the various obligations of the Gvt. into 5-20’s, and in this way, during december, increased the coin interest debt nearly 50 mill. The total issue of 5-20’s now $1,373,804,750. There was no contraction of currency during December.
8 February 1868.
The Money Market Review, 8. Februar 1868. S. 148/149
Schließen
Aus Titel von Marx notiert in „Heft 3.
1868“ der „Hefte zur Agrikultur“ (MEGA² IV/18. S. 729.12)
und in Exzerptheften 1877 (IISG, Marx-Engels-Nachlass, Sign. B 139) und 1878
(IISG, Marx-Engels-Nachlass, Sign. B 148) sowie im Notizbuch 1878/1879 (IISG,
Marx-Engels-Nachlass, Sign. B 152)
Schließen R. Dudley
Baxter: „National Income of the U. Kingd. 1868.“
(Macmillan et Co)
Nach Baxter folgende dimension of Population:
Persons | ||
---|---|---|
A) Upper and middle class | 1) With independent incomes. | 2,759,000 |
2) Those dependent. | 3,859,000 | |
Total | 6,618,000 | |
B) Manual labor classes | 1) With independent incomes | 10,961,000 |
2) Those dependent | 12,130,000 | |
Total | 23,091,000 | |
Total Estimated Population: | 29,709,000 |
Nach demselben Baxter folgende Vertheilung amongst the various classes of the population:
Class A. Incomes (Annual) | Persons | Amount. £. St. | |
---|---|---|---|
1) Great fortunes | £5000 to £50,000 and upwards | 8,048 | £127,692,860 |
2) Moderate fortunes | £1000 to £5000 | 47,228 | 84,284,210 |
3) Middle incomes | £300 800 to £1000 | 173,036 | 88,730,580 |
4) Small Incomes | a) £100 to £300 800 | 995,688 | 112,246,350 |
b) under £100 (below income Tax) | 1,535,000 | 83,780,000 | |
Totals: | 2,759,000 2,799,000 | £496,734,000 | |
(Manual Labor) Class B. Incomes. (Annual) | Persons. | Amount. £. St. | |
5) Higher skilled labour and manufactures | 1,345,044 | £66,352,814 | |
6) Lower skilled labour and manufactures | 5,087,921 | 160,652,345 | |
7) Agriculture and unskilled labour | 4,528,720 | 97,639,481 | |
Totals | 10,961,685 | £324,644,640 | |
Grand Totals | 13,720,685 | £821,378,640 |
Average Income for each Person of independent means: | Ireland | Scotland | England |
£31 | £53 | 68 | |
For each person of the whole estimated population | 14 | 231/2 | 32 |
Ireland, remarks der
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen weise
Baxter, „presents the singular
phenomenon of a decreasing population and an increasing income“. Its population diminished
von 8 mill. in 1841 to 61/2 Mill. in 1851 (nearly 20%), and again in
1861 to 53/4 mill.
(nearly 12%). Estimated that it has further declined in 1867 by 4%; yet
the property charged to income tax has risen from 21 mill. in 1855 to
241/2 mill. in
1865, being increase of 16%.
Enormous disproportion of unskilled to skilled labor; 10 millions of Persons against 1,345,044. Ireland für sich genommen ist natürlich disproportion still greater.
In the East of London, sagt Baxter: „the dock labourers earn, in full work 15s. a week, but so great is the competition that even in ordinary years they are employed but little more than half their time. During the past year (1867) 5s. a week has been considered tolerably fortunate.“ The Silk weavers have been for years in a chronic state of distress. The men’s nominal wages are 12s. but their real earnings do not average more than 6s. a week. The cabinet makers of the Kingdom are set down as earning 30s. a week, but those at the East End of London, a very numerous body, are in the „slop trade“, and are ground down by the Jew dealers, who own what are called the „slaughter-houses“, in which advantage is taken of the necessities of the small „garret masters“, many of whom are not earning more than 7s. 6d. per week. „None but those who have examined the facts“, sagt Baxter, „can have any idea of the precariousness of employment in our large cities, and of the large proportion of their time in which they are out of work, or of the loss of time in many well paid trades from drinking habits.“ Those drinking habits are a fearful evil, … but, sagt die Money Market Revue, we have a strong impression that much of this evil arises |27 partly from overwork and underfeeding, and partly from the bad ventilation and bad drainage of the localities in which they are compelled to reside.
Do all these figures and details, sagt Money Market Review, furnish us with what they profess to give – namely an account of our national income as a nation? We are bound to say that they do not. „We are“, says Times, „all living upon one another, and each income is spent in making up a number of other incomes, and every shilling of each passes through 50 other incomes and contributes to swell them in the course of 1 year.“ To add up all these several incomes into a grand total, and call it the total or gross income of the nation, is merely to foster a delusion. A landowner with £5,000 a year might just as well add up the wages of his steward and household, the rents of his tenantry, and the profits of his tradespeople to make up an income of £20,000 a year. The net actual income of an individual shown by the total amount of his receipts after deducting all the necessary outgoings for keeping up the estate or source of his income. And the net annual income or wealth of a nation shown by the net amount in hand after deducting all the necessary outgoings for the maintenance of its State and the sustenance of its people. Dazu other facts to be considered, returns of exports und imports, amount invested of our surplus income in foreign loans and securities etc.
The Money Market Review, 8. Februar 1868. S. 149.
Schließen
Den
Titel dieser Schrift notierte Marx in „Bibliographische
Notizen zur englischen politischen Ökonomie 1864–1868 u.a.“ in
„Heft 3. 1868“ der „Hefte zur Agrikultur“ (MEGA² IV/18.
S. 728.23). Pattersons „The Science of Finance“ (Edinburgh,
London 1868) exzerpierte er im April/Mai 1868 in „Heft zum fixen
Kapital und Kredit 1868“ (MEGA² IV/18. S. 749–751, 755, 762–765,
793–802 u. 807/808).
Schließen R. H. Patterson. „Railway Finance.“
(1868)
In past years the question was raised as to whether the State ought not to buy up the railways as a means of increasing its revenue. Now the question has changed its complexion, and the interference of the State is demanded chiefly in the interest of the railway Cos themselves, as a method of relief from pressing embarrassments.
The Money Market Review, 8. Februar 1868. S. 171.
Schließen
U. States Currency.
Washington. Feb. 4. The Anti-Contraction Bill, suspending M’Culloch’s authority to contract the currency, finally agreed by both Houses of Congress, and is now law.
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar 1868. S. 185.
Schließen
Manchester Trade. (Circular of B.
Barbour and Brother.)
Month opened with better feeling, continued with few intermissions to its close. Aggregate business very large, not only clearing out stocks, but placing producers, particularly of the better qualities, under contract for the next 2 months. Operations mainly in the good adapted for India and China. Shipments thither continue in excess of 1866. These operations entered into, not so much for immediate as in anticipation of future demand for these quarters. Largely of a speculative character, through which prices unduly forced up, affording the speculator a later prospect of resale at a profit. Effect of such transactions to distract our market and to disarrange all ordinary calculations; they force spinners into the Liverpool cotton market to cover their contracts, stimulating an unhealthy action on prices there, at a time when the most reliable accounts from America promise an abundant supply.
15 February, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar 1868. S. 184/185.
Schließen
Saturday
Review. Defender of fictitious Accounts and Railway
Management.
„The conduct of the directors“, says Saturday Revue, „in paying interest on their extension stock out of capital, although it appears to have been illegal, was a prudent and reasonable act.“ Vice Chancellor Wood said that „the permanent holders of the stock and shares of the Co. would (his decision against the Metropolitan Co.) derive benefit and advantage from the refusal of the Court to permit the declaration of a doubtful dividend.“ But, says S. R., „it had not proved beneficial to speculative holders merely holding on until doubtful dividends should enable them to sell at speculative prices.“ S. R. wants an „elastic discretion“ der managers, meaning a dishonest discretion. „Justice is blind“, says S. R., „and sometimes she is proud of her blindness; and it is unfortunate for all when matters which require the exercise of this elastic discretion are brought under her stern cognizance.“ Was ever anything more rankly immoral thus openly and unblushingly propounded in the pages of a public journal?
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar 1868. S. 185/186.
Schließen
Railway Accounts. By H. E. Bird.
Accountant. London (Effingham Wilson 1868).
389 Cos., of which Board of Trade treats, had raised 489. Mill. Capital at 30. June 1867. „Lloyds’ Bonds“ not included; 260 Mill. in some form of priority (davon wieder 1271/2 mill. in form of debentures, loans and debenture stock, the whole of which is terminable or to be liquidated in full at fixed dates, except the debenture stock, amounting to about 141/2 millions, which is permanent or fixed debt.) Remaining 229 Mill. are ordinary stock.
1) Debenture Loans | £.110,558,698 | (Davon £76,591,473 p.a. interest £4. 8s. 91/2d.) |
2) Debenture Stock. | 14,620,656 | Davon: £11,026,565 bore interest 4% or under, £3,594,091 of 5%. |
3) Temporary Loans. | 2,480,766 | interest not given. |
4) Preference Capital | 132,202,712 | Davon 231/2 Mill. at 4%, 303/4 at 41/2, 53 at 5, nearly 2 at 51/2, rather more than 17 at 6%, nearly 6 mill. at 61/2 p.a. |
5) Ordinary Capital | 229,197,867 | Average dividend not given. |
6) Total | £489,060,699 |
Priority Capital: £270,585,760. Ordinary Capital: 164,250,146. Total: £431,835,906 £434,835,906. |
While there was paid in dividends on the „ordinary“ stocks of 16 leading railway Cos. in the 3 half years from 31. Dec. 1865, to 30. June 1867, a sum of £9,431,024, the amount charged to capital during the same 18 months on the lines „in operation“, and exclusive of the new lines and branches, was no less than £10,511,220.|
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar 1868. S. 186.
Schließen
Caledonian Railway
Meeting (at Glasgow 13 Feb. ’68)
Break up of the directorate and falling foul of each other. No dividends upon the ordinary stock (wie dito bei Brighton Railway ) for some time to come. Yet its price stands at 78 – some 5% higher than South Eastern with bona fide dividend of 4%. The price artificial one. No secret that the market has been „rigged“. It was the last card of Colonel Salkeld (the chairman) to keep up the price. A new direction must cancel all fictitious purchases; and the sooner this selling, the better. Price, Holyland, and Waterhouse, official accountants, say that „if all proper charges to revenue had been made, not only no surplus available for dividends upon the ordinary stock of the Co., but balance on debit side.“
The Money Market Review, 15. Februar 1868. S. 189.
Schließen
The Cotton Trade. Prices.
Price of Cotton | End of 1866 | End of 1867 |
---|---|---|
Middling Orleans | 153/8d. | 73/8d. |
Pernambuco | 153/4 | 73/8d. |
Singapore | 12d. | 91/8d. |
Fair Dhollera | 12d. | 87/8d. |
Bengal | 87/8d. | 67/8d. |
Ejyptian | 20l. d. | 133/8d. |
1866 | 1867 | 1868 | |
---|---|---|---|
Actual Bales | Actual Bales | Estimate Bales | |
America | 1,163,000 | 1,226,000 | 1,400,000 |
Brazil | 407,000 | 437,000 | 540,000 |
Egypt and Turkey | 200,000 | 198,000 | 220,000 |
Westindies etc | 112,000 | 129,000 | 130,000 |
East Indies etc | 1,867,000 | 1,511,000 | 1,300,000 |
Total. | 3,749,000 | 3,501,000 | 3,590,000 |
Price of middling Orleans at beginning January (68ʼ) 71/4d per lb, end of January 81/8d. Demand for the moment very large. In the first 4 weeks of this year „taken by trade“ 313,200 bales of cotton against 136,080 in corresponding 4 weeks of 1867; „taken for export“ in first 4 weeks of ’68 bales 74,210 against 37,480 in 1867; „taken for speculation“ 38,050 in ’68 gegen 19,880 in 1867; while the imports of first 4 weeks of ’68 bales 298,565 against 190,676 in 1867. The demand has thus exceeded the supply.
22 February 1868.
The Money Market Review, 22. Februar 1868. S. 218/219.
Schließen
Railways. Paying Weight and Dead Weight.
Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Wear and Tear.) (Permanent
Way.)
On the Metropolitan engines and carriages now in use heavier and more expensive than on any line in U. Kingd. except the North London Railway. Consequent upon this, the permanent way is more expensive in first cost, and it suffers more from wear and tear. The Metropolitan engines weigh 42 tons: of this weight 32 tons are placed on 4 wheels, being at rate of 16 tons per pair of wheels. On the London and North Western line the most powerful engines weigh considerably under 30 tons, which are distributed over 6 wheels, being less than 10 tons per pair of wheels. Again, the Metropolitan passenger carriages weigh 16 tons empty, and they carry 48 first class and 70 second and third class passengers. Taking 2 of the second and third class carriages to 1 of the former, average about 63 passengers to each carriage weighing 16 tons. On the North Western, the Brighton, and some other lines, the passenger carriages weigh about 6 tons and carry 24 first class, 40 second class, and 50 third class passengers. This gives average of 38 passengers to 6 tons of weight, or 6.33 passengers per ton, as compared with 63 passengers to 16 tons, or less than 4 passengers per ton in the carriages of the Metropolitan. Taking the number of passengers actually carried on the Metropolitan, rate of dead weight hauled as against paying load is as 8 to 1 or 871/2 p.c. In other words, 8 tons of dead non-paying load is carried to 1 ton of passenger paying load. If the weight of the engine were included in the calculations, dead-weight equal to 12 tons for every single ton of passengers. A London omnibus, which has to travel over all kinds of roads, bad and good, carries 2 tons of passengers and 1 ton of dead weight. No mechanical reason why, allowing extra weight for increased speed, the proportion of paying to dead weight should not be vastly increased.
Twenty years ago Mr. Samuel, the then engineer of the Eastern Counties Railway, called the attention of the directors to importance of the question involved between dead and paying weight. He demonstrated by actual experiments, carried on for 18 months, that the problem could be solved of assimilating the proportions of dead and paying weights at speeds varying from 30 to 50 miles per hour. He did this by his celebrated light engine, „the Enfield“. Was disregarded by the Board. Mechanical invention has gone no further in that direction.
That the dead weight carried by the Metropolitan is destructive to the permanent way is obvious from the facts. The way first laid with iron rails case-hardened. Before long they were so worn that deemed expedient to alter the quality, and steel railways for renewals were obtained from John Brown et Co, Sheffield. These also gave way; other rails for renewals obtained from Ch. Cammell et Co, Sheffield. All this in 5 years, 3 renewals in 5 years over the heaviest portions.
The Money Market Review, 22. Februar 1868. S. 220.
Schließen
Net Profits and Dividends of London Joint Stock
Bks., last half year (’67)
London and Westminster: dividend 32. Lond. and County 18. London Joint Stock 121/2. Union 15; City, 7. Alliance 0. Lond. et South Western 5, Consolidated, 5, East London, 5. Metropolitan 5%.
The Money Market Review, 22. Februar 1868. S. 236
Schließen
Decline in Trade with Un. States.
Nach commercial advices from New York the imports of dry goods (comprising all manufactures of wool, cotton, silk, flax) during January ’68 only £1,020,000 less than 1/2 amount in corresponding month of 1867, und about £700,000 less than average importation of same month during last 19 years.
29. February 1868.
The Money Market Review, 29. Februar 1868. S. 243/244.
Schließen
The Caledonian Railway. Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (Old Hudsons’s Maxim)
Latest Phase: Shareholders so infatuated or demoralised as to entrust to the chairman and old board such a mass of proxies as has overridden the decision of the general meeting, and practically re-delegated the reins of power to them. After this, who can believe for one moment in the genuineness of a Caledonian railway dividend? The accountants (to Committee of Inquiry) set forth dividend as very small; majority of shareholders would like to make them and the market value very high. (per xxx or xxxxx).
Up to this moment there has ruled that famous principle in railway accounting enunciated by old Hudson, when chairman of the Eastern Counties Railway, that „expenses should be made to square with the dividend, and not the dividend with the expenses.“
The Money Market Review, 29. Februar 1868. S. 247.
Schließen
Board of Trade Returns.
Month ended Nov. 30. | |||
---|---|---|---|
1865 | 1866 | 1867 | |
Totals enumerated: | £19,910,403 | £17,841,738 | £15,514,473 |
11 months ended November 30. | |||
Totals enumerated | £180,417,221 | £211,541,118 | £196,884,787 |
Deduct. Wheat | 8,573,672 | 11,214,682 | 22,102,884 |
£171,843,549 | £200,326,436 | £174,781,903 | |
Deduct raw cotton | 49,294,092 | 70,665,438 | 48,338,241 |
£122,549,457 | £129,660,998 | £126,443,662 |
Month ended December 31 | |||
---|---|---|---|
1865 | 1866 | 1867 | |
All articles | £15,030,088 | £14,914,563 | £13,252,593 |
12 months ended December 31 | |||
£165,835,725 | £188,917,536 | £181,183,971. |
7. March. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 7. März 1868. S. 276
Schließen
Profits of the Bank
of England.
Rate of dividend for the half year. | |
---|---|
Half year ending Sept. 5 1866 | 61/2 |
March 6 1867 | 51/2 |
Sept. 4 1867 | 41/2 |
March 5 1868 | 4 |
The Money Market Review, 7. März 1868. S. 280.
Schließen
Board of Trade Returns.
1865 | 1866 | 1867 | |
---|---|---|---|
Imports year ended 31. Dec. Computed Value of Articles enumerated: | £219,393,987 | 238,773,192 | 220,862,585 |
Exports ditto. Declared Value. British und Irish Produce und Manufacture | 165,835,725 | 188,917,536 | 181,183,971 |
Month ended December 31 | |||
---|---|---|---|
1865 | 1866 | 1867 | |
Totals enumerated | £38,930,967 | 27,174,309 | 23,977,798 |
Year ended December 31. | |||
Totals enumerated | £219,393,987 | 238,773,192 | 220,862,585 |
Deduct wheat | £9,775,616 | 12,983,090 | 24,985,096 |
£209,618,371 | 225,790,102 | 195,877,489 | |
Deduct raw cotton | 66,032,193 | 77,521,406 | 51,997,766 |
£143,586,178 | 148,268,696 | 143,879,723 |
Quantities cwts: | 1865: | 8,731,949 | 1866: | cwts 12,295,803 | 1867: | cwts: 11,272,651 |
Computed value: | £66,032,193 | £77,521,406 | £:51,997,766 |
A) Exports January | B) Imports. | B) Imports December | |
---|---|---|---|
January 1866 | £14,354,748 | December 1865 | £38,930,067 |
1867 | 12,768,842 | 1866 | 27,174,309 |
1868 | 12,252,688 | 1867 | 23,977,798. |
The Money Market Review, 7. März 1868. S. 282.
Schließen
Railway Finance
(Inserted)
If placed to capital The Money Market Review: reckless expenditure
Schließen (irrationelle Ausgaben),
there will be a perpetual reduction of future
dividends of shareholders (common stock); if charged to
revenue, that course would be ruinous to his present income. Kommentar von
Marx.
Schließen (Aber die Gegenwart ihm die
Hauptsache)|
The Money Market Review, 7. März 1868. S. 293.
Schließen
Import of Cotton in 1867.
U. States: | cwt 4,715,733 | First year since 1861 in which cotton Import from U. St. > import from British India. |
British India: | 4,449,259 | |
Ejypt | 1,127,541 | |
Brazil | 628,761 | |
Turkey | 57,024 | |
Bahamas und Bermuda | 10,623 | |
China | 4,707 | |
Mexico | 22 cwts | |
Other Countries | 278,981 | |
Total | cwt 11,272,651. |
Quantity Exported from U. Kingd. in 1867 cwts 3,130,593, leaving 8,142,058 cwt, excess of imports over exports, quantity 4 times exceeded, in 1859, 1860, 1861 und 1866.
March 14, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 14. März 1868. S. 302
Schließen
Board of Trade. Railway Returns up to end of 1866.
A) Capital authorised by Parliament up to close of 1865 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shares | Loans | Total | |
England and Wales | £357,496,302 | £119,714,054 | £477,210,356 |
Scotland | 48,742,293 | 16,303,523 | 65,045,816 |
Ireland | 26,650,650 | 7,384,841 | 34,035,491 |
Total | £432,889,245 | £143,402,418 | £576,291,663 |
B) Capital authorised at the end of 1866 | |||
England und Wales | £388,605,689 | £129,762,809 | £518,368,498 |
Scotland | 50,104,794 | 17,024,623 | 67,129,417 |
Ireland | 27,441,150 | 7,625,341 | 35,066,491 |
Total | £466,151,633 | £154,412,773 | 620,564,406 |
Increase in 1866: | £33,262,388 | 11,010,355 | £44,272,743 |
England and Wales. | Scotland. | Ireland. | Total. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ordinary Cap. ohne priority | £186,939,352 | £18,307,847 | £14,350,997 | £219,598,196 |
Debentures (terminable loans) | 80,420,076 | 11,636,265 | 5,764,756 | 97,821,097 |
Preference Capital | 99,930,392 | 19,055,152 | 5,277,931 | 124,263,475 |
Debenture stock or funded debt | 12,315,007 | 1,206,768 | 273,600 | 13,795,375 |
Total | 379,604,827 | 50,206,032 | 25,667,284 | 455,478,143 |
England and Wales | Scotland | Ireland | Total. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ordin. Cap. ohne priority | 193,674,973 | 19,797,076 | 14,773,580 | 228,245,629 |
Debentures (terminable loans) | 86,659,720 | 12,566,082 | 5,840,061 | 105,063,863 |
Preference capital | 109,322,884 | 19,460,908 | 5,671,306 | 134,455,098 |
Debenture stock or funded debt | 12,566,697 | 1,254,732 | 284,165 | 14,105,594 |
Total | £402,224,274 | 53,078,798 | £26,569,112 | 481,872,184 |
Authorised Railway Capital end 1866: 6201/2 mill. (round numbers), wovon nearly 482 mill. actually raised. This is irrespective of money raised on simple contract, such as balances due to bankers, accounts unpaid to lawyers, contractors, and others who supplied money, labour, or materials for the purposes of the various Cos. The 482 mill. do not include money raised upon „Lloyds’ Bonds“, these being securities not directly authorised by Parliament. Vgl. 1866 mit 1865 raised 261/2 mill. und as indicative of the growth of distrust, nur 83/4 mill. in ordinary stock, 173/4 mill. in the forms of priority stock. 1866 was with railways a year of pawning and borrowing, and creating securities mit rights in priority of the ordinary stockholder.
The Money Market Review, 14. März 1868. S. 303/304.
Schließen
Overend et Gurney, Co. Meeting of Shareholders
13 March. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Für Proceedings against
Directors.)
Mr. Linklater, the solicitor said, had now come out that at the time of the transfer to the Lim. Co. of the business there were 3 deeds prepared and executed between the partners of the old firm and the directors of the new Co. Only one of them, the deed of transfer, accessible to intended shareholders; the deed of arrangement, which would have inclosed disclosed the absolute insolvency of the old firm, being held back as a private or secret deed. In the 1st deed the partners of the old firm guaranteed that the assets should realise 20s. in the £ upon the debts and liabilities transferred. By the 2nd deed it was made apparent [that the assets] were not likely to realise anything of the kind, and that they might fall short to the extent of 2 or 3 mill., and the partners therefore covenanted with the Co. to make good the too probable deficiency out of their private estates. But this deed stipulated that whatever might be the exigencies of the Co., they should not be entitled to call upon the partners to make good the deficiency before the end of 1868. To that provision, Henry Ford Barclay, before he consented to join the lim. co., took exception; and to meet these objections, another deed was prepared at the last moment, providing that in certain events the stipulations of that deed in reference to those deficiencies should be in some way modified and relaxed. All this, as Linklater said, showed that the parties were aware at the time of the issue of the prospectus that the statements it contained, and the prospects it held out, were false and delusive and therefore fraudulent.|
March 21, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 21. März 1868. S. 327.
Schließen
Railways. Their Construction and
Management. Paper read by R. F.
Fairlie, Society of
Arts, 18 March ’68. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Wear
and Tear)
Paying portion of the load does not exceed 5% of the whole weight of the train … As to engines, costs to be reduced: first, by abolishing the tenders, and next, by amending the construction of the locomotives themselves, so that their weight may not only be lessened, but better distributed. A better distribution of the weights of the boiler over a larger number of wheels, with adjustments to meet and neutralise inequalities in curves and gradients, would prevent injurious impact upon the rails, and so save wear and tear to rails, wheels, and boiler. Every traveller experiences sudden or continuous shocks from the impossibility of engines of ordinary description adapting themselves to surface inequalities. These shocks inflict damage on the rails and to the rolling stock; this is the main cause of the constant necessity for expensive renewals. Mr. Fairlie has produced engines now in operation on the Neath and Brecon Railway, which work without the possibility of such oscillations.
March 28, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 28. März 1868. S. 362.
Schließen
The Indian Trade. English
Exports to India during last 15 years.
1853: | £7,324,147. |
1854 | £9,127,556. |
1855: | £9,949,154. |
1856: | £10,546,190. |
1857: | £11,666,714. |
1858: | £16,782,386. |
1859 | £19,844,920. |
1860 | £16,965,292. |
1861: | £16,411,756 |
1862: | £14,617,673 |
1863: | £20,002,241. |
1864 | £19,951,637. |
1865 | £18,260,413. |
1866 | £19,957,342. |
1867 | £21,844,619. |
Die Ausfuhr von 1867 die größte on record. Exports to Bombay and Scinde presented a slight declension 1867, to Madras a small advance, to Bengal and Pegu considerable increase. The construction of railways in British India involved supply of large quantities of plant, engines etc.
April 4. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 4. April 1868. S. 387/388.
Schließen
Crisis of 1866 und Nachwehn.
Never a period of dull suffering and depression so long and continuously felt. … Two main elements of distraction and depression of late: Windings up and railway insolvency. Enormous calls under windings up. Others sufferers by stoppage of their dividends. Dann uncertainty der victims as to their ultimate liabilities, preventing them from dealing with their remaining means. Crippling of resources and paralysis of action. Andrerseits now beginning to tell the payment of creditors of Cos. in liquidation, and the settlements with debenture holders in Railway Cos. These transfers of capital are coming largely in relief, and every day they will become more operative, as seen by course of Overend etc, Imperial Mercantile Credit etc. These transfers not absolute equivalents, but come greatly in mitigation. The fearful expenses in winding up, going in diminution of the property of creditors and debtors, constitute a transfer to attorneys, accountants etc to their profit.
The Money Market Review, 4. April 1868. S. 391.
Schließen
Board of Trade Returns.
A.) Imports. „Computed Real Value.“ | |||
---|---|---|---|
January | |||
1866 | 1867 | 1868 | |
Enumerated Articles | £10,394,443 | £10,063,066 | £9,477,083 |
Deduct Raw Cotton | 3,341,901 | 1,076,616 | 688,424 |
£7,052,542 | £8,986,450 | £8,788,659 | |
Deduct Wheat | 984,355 | 1,551,919 | 2,091,896 |
£6,068,187 | £7,434,531 | £6,696,763. | |
B) Exports of British and Irish Produce und Mnfct. Declared Value | |||
January and February | |||
All articles | £29,470,811 | £27,232,914 | £26,593,667 |
Also Import und Export Abnahme in Trade.
The Money Market Review, 4. April 1868. S. 391/392.
Schließen
Railway Wear and Tear. Cost of Production.
An enormous amount of useless and unprofitable force is expended upon
every train on every railway, and this useless expenditure of force
aggravates the loss to proprietors, by so wearing the rails as to make
them require frequent renewals at very great expense. Take the case of
the Metropolitan Railway
. Mr. Fairly proved
(sieh oben, March 26 21. ’68) that 30 tons of dead weight are carried carried on that line in proportion to 1 ton of paying weight.
What business can be well carried on at a working
expenditure
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (Kostpreis) of 30% in proportion to a paying
expenditure of 1%? Opposition against improvement in this respect on
part of engineers not belonging to the newest school in practical
engineering.
April 11. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 11. April 1868. S. 419/420.
Schließen
Commercial Credit and Morality.
Liverpool Chamber of Commerce 1867 appointed a subcommittee to consider Sir John Rolt’s (late Attorney General) Bill on Bankruptcy law, and „other laws bearing upon commercial morality“. On 6. April ’68 the Chamber met to discuss the report of the latter Committee.
The Money Market Review, 11. April 1868. S. 431.
Schließen
Worn Coin.
£15,000 will again be proposed this session to cover the deficiency in the wear of silver coin withdrawn from circulation in the course of the year, the coin being received at the Mint at its nominal value. There will also vote of £500 to pay premium at 2% on old copper coin sent into the Mint, and the carriage of bronze money remitted in exchange.|
The Money Market Review, 11. April 1868. S. 423/424.
Schließen
Cotton.
Lately „spurt“ in the cotton market. „Middling Uplands“ worth at the end of February 91/8d. per lb, and at the end of March 115/8d. „Fair Pernambuco“ rose from 10d. to 114/8d., Fair Ejyptian from 81/8d. to 101/8d. Fair Dhollera von 81/8d. to 101/8d., Fair Madras von 73/4 to 93/4d. und Fair Bengal from 71/8d. to 83/4d. The causes of this advance in market attributed to reduced cotton receipts at shipping ports of U. St. und increased demand at Manchester for manufacture. Nach dem circular von Ellison und Haywood the broad facts stand thus:
1868 | 1867. | |
---|---|---|
In 121/2 weeks – total | 765,280 | 468,820 |
In 121/2 weeks – average p. week | 61,222 | 36,063 |
The inference evidently, that a consumption of 61,000 bls every week cannot continue.
1868 | 1867 | |
---|---|---|
In Liverpool and London | 461,341 | 689,608 |
370,723 | 523,926 | |
832,064 | 1,213,534 |
Should rate of consumption continue at £61,000 61,000 bales a week, in hand a stock which would supply the demand for 14 weeks. If the consumption should relapse, sufficient stock for proportionately longer period.
1868 | 1867 | 1866 | |
---|---|---|---|
Piece Goods. Yards | 483,219 | 411,880 | 373,004 |
Piece Goods. Value | £7,754,000 | £8,504,000 | £9,273,000 |
Yarn. Pounds. | 33,983,000 | 20,937,000 | 20,923,000 |
Yarn. Value | £2,737,700 | £1,904,000 | £2,258,000 |
These figures show present quantity of manufactured cotton at maximum, while the value obtained from the foreigner for the largely increased product is much smaller than it was 2 years ago … The rapid decline in prices here, consequent upon an excessive supply, has produced diminution of arrivals. Manchester is buying more than she can sell at a fair profit, and Liverpool is cutting its own throat by raising the price against Manchester by rampant speculation.
The Money Market Review, 11. April 1868. S. 432.
Schließen
The
London Flour Co. (lim).
Resolution passed in October 1867, to wind up the Co. voluntarily, but certain shareholders, suspecting that the accounts had been tampered with, discovering that the above resolution was informal and invalid, filed petition to have the Co. wound up by the Court. Alleged that Directors had systematically paid dividends out of capital, recklessly carried on the business etc[.] Admitted by directors that they had put directors’ fees and managers’ salary to capital account and not to revenue, and also that the liquidators, professedly appointed under the resolution of October ’67, one of whom was the chairman of the board of directors and brother in law of the managing director, were proceeding to sell the property without reserve. Petition filed early in December 1867; pressure of business on the Court caused delay. Adroitly seizing this interval of grace, directors, before Court opens again after Christmas, issue a notice, this time proper, convene meeting on 8 Jan. ’68, in order to pass a resolution to wind up the Co. voluntarily; and their notice is accompanied by stamped proxy papers directed to the directors and with postage stamps duly annexed for their return. At this meeting directors obtain bare majority of 3/4; but the petitioners stated on the hearing that proxies were improperly used on behalf of the directors, and thus the resolution was passed. By the time the petition came on for hearing, 15 Feb. ’68, the shareholders, having become alive to their interests, reverse their last decision of 8. Jan., and support the petition in such numbers that the directors then have but slight majority on their side. Vice Chancellor Stuart expressed himself strongly against directors, made order for winding up the Co. by the Court. Directors appeal. Independent shareholders show majority to oppose appeal. Lord Justices declare shareholders bound by the resolution passed at a meeting held after the petition had been presented, and which, from taking place almost in holiday time, was in the nature of a surprise upon the shareholders, who in fact alleged that several of them accidentally prevented from opposing the directors’ plan.
The more culpable directors, the greater the difficulty under which shareholders labour at meetings under directors’ influence. Generally imposible impossible to obtain justice, attempt is a farce except in case of some colossal undertaking whose magnitude has invested it with such publicity that the shareholders can have matters somewhat their own way by the publicity of the proceedings. In the general run of Cos., shareholders who complain are cried down, improperly called to order, their resolutions put to the meeting in such way that the shareholders do not understand question before them, majority is often unfairly arrived at, and proxies rejected on most flimsy pretexts. After the decision of the Lord Justice in this case, it is open to the directors of the most mismanaged Co, when they find their game is up, to call a meeting. meeting, shuffle through resolutions to wind-up voluntarily, and appoint their own nominees as liquidators.
The Money Market Review, 11. April 1868. S. 432/433.
Schließen
The City Offices Co. (limited)
Last half yearly meeting very badly reported. For the last 5 years 1/2 Mill. £. St. invested in property yielding no return and which, at present price of shares, stands at something like £100,000 only. Shares mit £25 paid. Directors, mit hohen Gehaltern Gehältern who, after 5 years’ trial, have entailed nothing but loss and disappointment on their shareholders, managed both to carry their report and get a vote of unabated confidence.|
18 April 1868.
The Money Market Review, 18. April 1868. S. 443/444.
Schließen
International Contract Co. (lim.) und
Accidental Marine
et
Insurance Corporation. (lim.)
2 circulars recently issued by the Liquidators of these 2 bankrupt Cos.
The Internat. Contract Co. started mit nominal capital of 4 Mill. £. St., in 80,000 shares, small proportion paid up auf die 50£ share, so leaving enormous contingent liability. This practically unlimited liability of the shareholders seemed to afford ample security to credulous creditors; and, if all the shares had been applied for and allotted to bona fide shareholders, it might have been so. We see now the true value of this enormous nominal Capital and unlimited liability. Co. was only a few months in operation before it collapsed, and claims already sent it in to the official liquidator nearly 2 Mill. £. St. Of these claims only a portion as yet adjudicated upon, result that upwards of £165,000 will rank as proofs, leaving a sum of upwards of £1,761,000 still to be litigated and proved. Director claims to a large amount by the Peruvian Railways Co., now in liquidation; the London Wharves and Wharehouse Co., now also in liquidation; und claim of more than 1/2 Mill. £ St. by Edward Pickering (who, it seems, likes to pick), the managing director of the Co! These latter claims, the liquidators state, arise upon „certain fictitious operations“ in connection with the Peruvian Railway Co. and others. Besides these claims the Co. Defendants in 5 Chancery suits, instituted by the Peruvian Railway Co. and others, under which there are certain alleged liabilities for indemnity and otherwise. The whole sum at present collected under the winding up accounts no more than £10,000. The list of contributories has been settled, and 229 persons, holding 38,663 shares, representing £1,540,000 capital, have been fixed as liable. But the liquidators say that, „having regard to the number of contributories who are but the nominees of certain of the directors or promoters of the Co., and to the fact that many of the remaining contributories are not in a position to meet their liabilities, they cannot hope that more than £70,000 or £80,000 will be raised by calling up the whole of the remaining capital.“ A list of persons liable as past members about to be filed, aber bevor dieß settled, liquidators consider it impossible to form any estimate of the amount realisable from calls upon this class of contributories.
In the case of the „Accidental Marine and Insurance Corporation“, the liability of past members the question embarrassing both liquidators and creditors. Creditors can only expect very moderate dividend, in addition to that already declared. Amount of unpaid capital upon the shares transferred during the 12 months prior to the commencement of the winding up is £80,250. Of this £16,340 is considered good, £24,090 doubtful, und £39,620 wholly bad. Liquidators therefore estimate value of the list of past members von £15 to 25,000£, whilst the claims actually admitted £197,077, and those still pending will amount to £50,000 more. Schwierigkeiten mit past members. Ihre liability confined (von jedem derselben) to the debts which had actually accrued at the time they ceased to be members. Ferner: At whose expense these proceedings necessary to establish the liability of past members to be conducted. Many of the creditors (deren Forderung von später datirt) no interest in enforcing the liability of past members. Endlich past members only liable to contribute to the extent of the amount remaining unpaid upon the shares they had held after proof that the present holders und any intermediate holders have been exhausted, and are absolutely unable to pay more. Daher cost of litigation würde alles auffressen. Die Liquidators bemerken: „There has not hitherto been a single instance of this past liability having been actually enforced, in the winding up of a Co. under the Act of 1862, and in most, if not in all the cases where an attempt to do so is now being made, there exists considerable difficulty in assessing and enforcing such liability, whilst it is certain that in this as in every other case the attempt to enforce it will involve the liquidation in very considerable expense and litigation.“
The Money Market Review, 18. April 1868. S. 447/448.
Schließen
The Market Value of Finance Co. Shares.
Market Prices | ||
---|---|---|
March 1866 | March 1868 | |
Credit Foncier of England | 2 prem. | 7 disc. |
Discount Corporation | 11 disc. | 21/4 disc. |
General Credit | 1/4 prem. | 21/2 disc. |
International Financial | 1/2 disc. | 13/4 disc. |
London Financial | 51/2 disc. | 25 disct. |
Credit Foncier of England, hieß 2 years ago the Credit Foncier and Mobilier of England, paid at the outset fabulous dividends. Adverse Rumours then, shares fell continuously. In July, 1866, 20£ share reduced to £10, with £9 paid up instead of £5, £2 p. share being taken from the reserve fund, and £1 being paid up in cash. Subsequently £1 paid. Thus no further liability. The necessity of the last call explained at meeting of 25 Feb. 68 when shown that capital of Co. locked up in undermentioned investment:
In Millwall Docks about | £150,000 |
Irrigation Co. of France | 320,000 |
Imper. Land Co of Marseilles | 270,000 |
London, Chatham and Dover Railw. | 302,000 |
Varna and Rustchuck Railw. | 196,500 |
Paris Streets Impt. Co | 300,000 |
City of Milan Improvements Co | 244,000 |
Belgian Public Works Co | 107,000 |
Total | £1,889,000 |
Shareholders have paid £8 p. share on 200,000 shares, zusammen £1,600,000, against invested in legitimate Joint Stock undertakings £1,889,000, aber diese investments not realisable at anything approaching the original cost, owing to the glut of shares and universal distrust in market. The 10£ share now fallen to 3£.|
34General Credit Co. advanced £160,000 to Lond. Chath. and Dover und diese sagen, sie sollen das Geld bei Peto suchen. Loan on Portuguese railway securities of £151,000 scheint fairly settled. Kapital der Co. £2,000,000, in 200,000 shares of £10 each, wovon £7. 10s. paid up. Market price only £5. The discount of £2. 10s. on 200,000 shares total depreciation of 1/2 Mill. £. St.
The Money Market Review, 18. April 1868. S. 451.
Schließen
Australian Trade
Value of British Exports January 1868 £736,950 gegen £557,062 in Jan. 1867 und £918,673 in 1866. Each of the 3 chief Australian colonies – South Australia, Victoria und New South Wales – has done with us more business of late. Exports to South Australia in Jan. ’68 £140,714 gegen £52,995 in Jan. 1867; those of to Victoria £316,846 gegen £260,347 in 1867; und von to Neu South Wales £176,427 gegen £67,847 in Jan. ’67. Dagegen we sent in Jan. 1868 less goods and produce to Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania und New Zealand.
April 25, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 25. April 1868. S. 469/470.
Schließen
Falsification of Railway Accounts. Working
Expenses.
There falsification under 2 heads, as estimates of future liabilities und statements of actual results. First evil meist in form of underrepresenting future capital outlay, z.B. Estimated cost of Midland approaches to London £2,216,000; kosten bereits £3,450,000 und werden noch viel mehr kosten.
Falsification of actual Results: selten by fictitiously augmenting revenue receipts, meist durch suppression of working charges. Z.B. sagt das Brighton Railway Investigation Committee of 1867, daß zu Revenue ought to have been charged:
Maintenance of way, works, stations | £27,918 |
Locomotive Power | 10,258 |
Carriage and Waggon Department | 28,462 |
Law and Parl. Charges | 44,682 |
Printing, new shares etc | 5,250 |
Commission allowed on issue of stock to contractors | 2,145 |
Interest upon expenditure for works in progress in 1866 | 175,178 |
Additional loss on Channel Island traffick | 1,665 |
Total | £295,558 |
By these means the directors were enabled to pay in ordinary dividends £215,718. Daher non payment of a dividend 1867.
Locomotive Power: Includes all cost of fuel, wages of drivers, cleaners and others (sometimes repairs of engines und tenders, gehört eher zu maintenance of rolling stock) Convenient and vicious deductions may here be made for the conveyance of materials used in construction of new works, such being charged to capital at arbitrary rates.
Maintenance of Way: Hier gross systematic falsifications. To show fictitious profits, the permanent way allowed to lie for years almost uncared for. Endlich all or part of the sum required charged to capital. Or this expenditure may be charged as „additional works“. If a viaduct falls in, the cost of rebuilding may be charged to capital. Improved rails or sleepers, or repairing and enlarging stations, all such items open to colouring which policy may dictate. When works destroyed or removed to make room for others, original cost of the old works, or of their removal, should be sustained by revenue. Schwer zu bestimmen cost of maintenance of way per mile, as it depends entirely on soil, traffic, and nature of the works. Laing, 1849, estimated such repairs and renewals on Brighton line at £265 p. mile p. annum; experience has shown this to be minimum charge.
Maintenance of Rolling Stock: Often charged to capital in small or large proportions; while disabled vehicles stand in the Co’s yards, and only really exist in reports furnished to the shareholders. Thus, on North British last half year deficiency of 2,319 vehicles now written off the stock. Charge for these renewals and repairs should in most cases equal, if not exceed, 9% p.a. on first cost. Nach paper read by Fletcher at Institution of Civil Engineers, annual charge on North Eastern should be 121/2% on cost of locomotives, 12% on cost of carriages, 61/2% on cost of waggons. No certain rule for the mileage, however; speed and burdens carried must influence the result.
„Salaries, office expenses, and directors fees“: generally include not wages to engine drivers and others, falling under head of locomotive power etc Any proportion that is thought fit, transferred to an open capital account as expenses on works in progress; thus the Metropolitan directors have charged 1/2 of office expenses.
„Canal, steamer, and sundry charges.“ (telegraph etc) May or may not include reserves for renewal and depreciation.
„Rents, Debenture and Preference Interest“: davon oft deducted interest on capital expended on works in progress. The more capital is returned as interest, the less will be employed on productive works. Sum thus distributed amongst proprietors, not profit, but return of capital. If capital may be dissolved in interest for one year, why not for 10?
„Loss or Gain on Issue of new shares and debentures“. Premium not to be placed to revenue, as losses are to capital.
The Money Market Review, 25. April 1868. S. 474.
Schließen
Injuries consequent upon the vibration and Smoke of
Trains.
Wenn Railways – (im Gegensatz zu Private Industry) als Use of Property sanctioned by Legislature in particular way – do damage to other Property durch vibration, smoke etc können sie, falls nicht case of negligence, nicht zu Schadenersatz angehalten werden. If every occupier of a house near a railway should have an action for the injury done to his nerves by the vibration and passing of the engines, railway fares would be raised to Public.|
May 2, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 2. Mai 1868. S. 494/495.
Schließen
The Market Value of the Finance Co. Shares.
International Financial Co: stated that the Co possessed at close of 1867: £44,081 in cash, £19,813 in bills, £241,737 lent on securities, £717,227 in investments, Total £1,022,858. 150,000 shares of £10, worauf £5 paid. Present quotation £3 to £3. 5s. A large amount invested in Metropolitan Sewage Co, a concern, for the present, speculative, although it may become ultimately profitable.
London Financial Association: Statement issued by the Directors, Sept. 67, showed:
Dr. Loans, investments, and current accounts | £1,379,791 | |
Cr. Securities held against money lent, viz: | ||
Railway Debentures | £330,743 | |
Lloyd’s Bonds | 919,785 | |
Preference Shares | 730,580 | |
Ordinary Shares | 919,785 | |
£2,900,893 |
The Liabilities to public last July (’67) £280,000, reduced in following Sept. to £228,000. Capital of 40,000 shares of £50 each (£2,000,000), paid per share 30£, also £1,200,000. The market price p. share 22 discount, or only 8l. per share mit £30 paid. So der 40,000 shares Marktpreis £280,000 instead of the £1,200,000 paid by the shareholders. Of course, die Railway investments not worth anything like par, aber durch depreciation der shares [the difference] too great. Large portion of the securities held consist of bonds and shares of Welsh Railway. Seven railways in which the association held an interest had been opened for traffic in 12 months. Daher:
Prices of Finance Shares. | |||
---|---|---|---|
April 1865. | April 1867. | Present Price. April 1868. | |
Credit Foncier of England. | £6 pm. ⦗on 100,000 shares. £5 paid.⦘ | £7 disc. ⦗on 200,000 shares. £9 paid⦘ | £7 disc. ⦗on 200,000 shares. £10 paid.⦘ |
General Credit. | £2. 10s. pr. ⦗250,000 shares. £4 paid⦘ | £3 disc. ⦗200,000 shares. 7l. 10s. pd.⦘ | £2. 10s. dis. ⦗200,000 shares. £7. 10s. paid.⦘ |
Internat. Financial | £1. 10s. pr. ⦗150,000 shares. £5 paid.⦘ | £2. 15s. dis. ⦗150,000 shares. £5 pd.⦘ | £2. 15s. dis. ⦗150,000 shares. £5 paid⦘ |
London Financial. | £7. 15s. pr. ⦗40,090 shares. £15 paid⦘ | £23 disc. ⦗40,000 shares. £25 paid⦘ | £22 disc. ⦗40,000 shares. £30 paid⦘ |
Values of the Properties at the respective Periods: | |||
Credit Foncier of England | £1,100,000 | £400,000 | £600,000 |
General Credit | 1,625,000 | 900,000 | 1,000,000 |
Intern. Financial | 975,000 | 337,500 | 437,500 |
London Financial. | 910,000 | 80,000 | 80,000 |
Total | £4,610,000 | £1,717,500 | £2,117,500. |
May 9, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 9. Mai 1868. S. 521.
Schließen
The Cotton Statistics Bill. Read 2nd time on H.o.C. 6 May ’68.
Mr. Bazley, on moving second reading der Bill[,] said its object was to ascertain correct information in reference to all the cotton which arrived in the U. Kingd., and practical effect would be to prevent undue speculation in this important staple.
May 16. 1866 1868.
The Money Market Review, 16. Mai 1868. S. 537.
Schließen
The European
Bank. Maladministration of Joint Stock Cos.
Highest degree of incapacity, culpability, and
commercial immorality. This Co. compounded of the English, Belgian, and Netherlands Bank, the Union
Bank o. England and France, and several other new banks with
which it amalgamated. Commenced business in 1864, stopped payment on 19.
May 1866, is now in course of liquidation, the liquidators being Sir Robert
Walter Carden
, who was one of the directors of the
concern, and Mr. George Brown and Mr. Frederick Whinney. At meeting of 9 Nov. ’67 shareholders nominated investigation
Committee. Now before us Report of the Liquidators, issued on 9 April
’68, und Report of the Committee of shareholders, issued on
22. April ’68. Liquidators’ statement shows estimated
loss of capital of about £600,000 (exclusive of interest and
costs of liquidation) or 6/7 of the whole capital, within the short
period of 21/2 years. Shareholders committee found great difficulty in their
inquiry. Amongst these difficulty „the very irregular mode of
bookkeeping, the extraordinary multiplicity of books, absence of some
books of the head office, and of all the The Money Market Review: branch bank
books
Schließen branch books, and the alleged non-existence of other books indispensable to a
proper recording of the transactions of a great establishment.“
Die directors thun alles to make them not find the clue to
their malversations: „The various amalgamations to which this bank has
been a party are still involved in a cloud of mystery discreditable to
those connected with the details.“ The paid up capital set forth in the
various balance sheets, and vouched by the auditors, was, in fact, never
so paid up. Of the £80,000 to be contributed by the Birmingham and South
Staffordshire Bk., a very small proportion was ever received, and other
serious deficiencies exist. The circumstances attending the transfer of
a large number of shares, transactions in which the funds of the bank
have been misapplied and dissipated, open to grave reprehension. The
last call remains unpaid on shares now standing in the names of nominees
of the bank and of directors and officers of the bank as so called
„trustees“. Some of the directors have |36 hitherto failed to
pay the last call even on the shares which qualified them for seats at
the board. Debts are still owing to the bank for advances made to Cos.
in which the directors were personally interested, „made in the most
reckless manner, and upon next to nominal securities“. The committee
advert to the „fatal and enormous advances made to the different French
Cos. … apparent follies Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen (real Gaunerei) of these operations“. As to the conduct of the directors, and
their personal liability in subscribing for the shares of other Cos., no
difference of opinion possible. Irrespective of the serious loss
sustained by these shares at the date of the suspension, a very large sum has been actually diverted from the
purpose of the liquidation to meet liabilities attaching to
these transactions. Committee glaubt die directors können
personally been made liable for the losses. Sir
R. W. Carden, sagt Money Market Review,
ought not to be one of the liquidators. Marx’ Worte.
Schließen Er war
grade Hauptschwindler als director.
The Money Market Review, 16. Mai 1868. S. 538/539.
Schließen
Bank of
Bombay. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Govt.
Schwindler.)
Schwindel und Betrug, obgleich Government trustee der Bank und 3 of its members were nominees or directors. Die Public placed 2 Mill. £. St. in the Bank. Die Schwindelei bewiesen durch des Gvt eignes Blue Book. Erklärte aber (The English Secretary for India in Council) that no grant could be made from the public revenue in India for the purpose of making good the losses. Darauf verlangte das India office (nachdem sie durch ihr Blue Book die Schweinerei selbst bewiesen) die shareholders to prove those same charges before a commission just sent to Bombay to inquire into the affair. The Gvt. pleaded guilty, and then demanded a trial.
23. May 1868.
The Money Market Review, 23. Mai 1868. S. 559.
Schließen
Personal Liabilities of Directors in Jt. Stock Cos.
Herfordshire Herefordshire Bank Co. (illimited) failed June 1863 mit deficiency of about £36,000. Nur 24 shareholders. Einer alone had to pay 1/2 des deficits. Nun suit von Turquand, dem official liquidator der Bank, gegen surviving directors und die representatives of some deceased ones for the losses incurred. His charges against the directors: 1) that they had continued to carry on the business of the Co. for several years after the surplus fund and 1/4 of the capital had been lost, gegen die 108th Clause des Deed of settlement; 2) that they had paid dividends out of capital von 1846 till 1863; 3) that they had allowed other debts to stand over unpaid, published false reports und balancesheets; improperly sanctioned loans to one of themselves. On 18 April entschied Lord Romilly, master of the rolls, für den Kläger.
The Money Market Review, 23. Mai 1868. S. 576.
Schließen
French National Debt.
Now £485,300,000; of which £437,700,000 consists of Rentes, £36,000,000 floating debt, £11,600,000 of caution moneys reimbursable. After the introduction of the proposed loan of £17,600,000 the total debt will stand at £503,900,000.
May 30, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 30. Mai 1868. S. 589/590.
Schließen
The half yearly Reports of the Madras and East
India Irrigation Cos.
Until the assumption of the Gvt. of India by the Crown there was no fixed policy for the general extension of irrigation works. Though the Crown succeeded the Co. in 1858, it was not until 1861, that the famine in the North Western Provinces revealed the necessity of irrigation. Five year years afterwards the more deplorable famine of 1866. Erst 1867 und 1868 absolute sanction given by Gvt. to all needful extensions of the practice. For the delay in the irrigation of Madras and Orissa, these Cos. not responsible. The character of the works they are constructing make full amends in durability and efficiency. … The Gvt. has decreed the systematic irrigation of India because it is the best security for the public revenue; and these Cos., in the territories which they cover, are providing an indefinite number of canals from several rivers which will provide every acre of every estate, at the hottest seasons, with ample supplies of the fertilising element. … The two great instruments to prevent famines are irrigation and roads, inasmuch as they constitute the means of producing and distributing food. As to roads, the old East India Co. replied, that owing to a want of stone the means of making good roads did not exist. (in Bengal) The same thing was said of other provinces. Violent disputes always occurred when the wretched vehicles of the country proceeding in opposite directions met in nullahs – torrents during the monsoons, but narrow gorges in dry seasons – from the impossibility of their passing each other. These natural tracks are gradually being superseded now; and Bengal presents at this time a very different aspect in this particular to what it did 30 years ago. By means of its internal communications, some of which are tidal channels constructed by one of these Cos, stone is being brought into it.
June 13, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 13. Juni 1868. S. 640.
Schließen
The East India Irrigation and Canal Co.
The actual results achieved by the East
India Irrigation Co. in the Godavery District: Those works
will distribute the enormous quantity of 1,500,000 cubic yards of water
per hour, on an average, for half the year, and about 600,000 cubic
yards per hour, on an average, during the other half, or about 9000
million cubic yards in all. These works have been constructed at a total
cost of about 1 Mill. £. St., and allowing 9% for interest, management,
and repairs, or £90,000 p.a., the cost of 100 000 cubic yards of water
will be £1 only, whilst the actual cost hitherto paid by the cultivators
is one rupee for 300 cubic yards, or £30 for 100,000 cubic yards, being
30 × the price at which the Co. can supply it. Encouraged by their
success in this district, and the famine of Orissa, the Co. have now
undertaken extensive works in Orissa, and also in the district of Behar.
Great Progress already made in the Orissa undertaking – in fact, the
head or main works have been completed, and water is being actually
supplied over a considerable extent of country. But further capital is
required for the extension of these works, and the Gvt. of East India
have agreed |37 with the Company to pay for all water supplied
by the Co. for the purpose of irrigation, the shareholders being thus
secured against loss from the nonpayment of the water-rates in that
district. The „Behar Undertaking“ has been strongly recommended by the
Indian Gvt. By way of encouragement and guarantee, they have in this
case also agreed to pay for all water supplied for the purpose of
irrigation, upon condition that the Gvt. shall participate in a certain
portion of the profits to be realised by the Co. after payment of 20% to
the shareholders. Profits anticipated are calculated to realise 40 or
50% for the shareholders Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen !
The Money Market Review, 13. Juni 1868. S. 642.
Schließen
Cotton Statistics Bills.
In H.o.L. Lord Salisbury moved 3d reading of the measure. Brachte auch Petitions ein which complained of the injury done to the cotton manufacture by the speculation persistently carried on in the raw material; that manufacture representing 40 Mill. £. St. of capital and the labour of 1 Mill. Persons. Bill read 3d time and passed.
June 20. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 20. Juni 1868. S. 660/661.
Schließen
Frauds and Forgeries on the Leeds Banking Co. – Conviction of
Edgeley.
Bank stopped autumn 1864. Sogleich wurde notorious that Greenland (the manager) perpetrated frauds und forgeries, in conjunction with several other parties, behind back der directors. Marsden, one of the real culprits, escaped to America ⦗his halfwitted clerk (a youth) sentenced, on Greenlands evidence, to 15 years penal servitude.⦘ Greenland etc schließlich pardoned. (Hardy refused to pardon Skaife, the poor boy, kurz nachher pardonirte er Greenland). Skaife still convicted felon. Greenland, for whose benefit he had signed the forged bills, and whose sanction he considered made the thing right, forthwith wended his way to the Mediterranean. Is there still living upon the fruits of his crimes. Edgeley, a socalled merchant of London (City), was one of the parties by whose forgeries and the connivance of Greenland the Leeds Bank defrauded to extent of about £108,000. Prosecution instituted by the official liquidator, 12 months since. Only last week Edgeley tried. On the pretext of Greenland’s absence (who refused returning) etc Edgeley succeeded to postpone the trial session after session. Endlich tried, Jury found him guilty, sentenced by judge to one year and 9 months’ imprisonment.
June 27. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 27. Juni 1868. S. 683/684.
Schließen
Railways 1845–46.
First application to Parliament for a bill to construct a railway 1801, for a line between Wandsworth and Corydon Croydon. Von 1801–1825 Acts were obtained for 28 more railways. After 1825 the movement quicker. 1845 there were in existence Acts of Parliament for 412 railways, to be constructed at a cost, in round numbers, of £155,000,000. Average of railways up to 1845, not financially prosperous, but then a mania. George Hudson appeared upon the scene, indoctrinated the community mit belief that railways were mines of gold. He became chairman of the Midland Railway, of the York and North and Midland, of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick, of the Eastern Countries, and others. In that capacity he thought fit to lease at 6% the Birmingham and Bristol, which had never before earned 2% p.a.; and by this lease the value of the share was raised from some 60 or 70£ p. share to 150£. Upon the announcement of this lease, the shares in the railway concerned rose in one day nearly £50 in market value. Then followed other railway leases. The „Great North of England“ was taken over at 10% p.a., with a corresponding increase in market value, and then the Leeds and Bradford, and the Hull and Selby, likewise at 10%. Next, the Eastern Counties, which had struggled on for years with scarcely a dividend at all, suddenly paid 7% p.a. under Hudson’s magic sway, and the price of the shares rose 3 or 4 ×. But perhaps the most remarkable instance of the effects of his regime was the establishment of a premium of about 28£ p. share upon the Newcastle and Berwick before a sod was turned, and though there was only £2 p. share paid up. These facts were quite enough to send the world mad. It was schön to obtain a profit of £28 in one week by paying £2, and here was the foundation of the railway mania of 1845. Adopting Hudson’s plan of action, other railway Cos. followed in his wake, and there stands on record a great battle between the London and Northwestern and the Great Western for possession of the unmade railway from Oxford to Birmingham, the one offering 175% premium for the shares, and the other 50 P.Ct. Then came a host of other leases at fixed rates of guarantee – the Trent Valley; the Lancaster and Carlisle; the Preston and Wyre; the Bolton and Bury; and numerous others. The railway world lost its senses. It was only to buy and to double, treble or quadruple the purchase money. But then supervened a still more questionable class of adventure. Baseless projects were set on foot in all directions. Such a scheme as the „Manchester and Southhampton“, before even the Bill was lodged, and for which an act of Parliament was never obtained, was at £4 to £6 premium; while the South Devon, the „Direct Exeter“, the South Wales, and a host of others, some of which had never any real existence, commanded any premium that mad speculation could conjure up. The „South Midland“ – a project for a line from Hitchin to Leicester – stood at 12£ premium, the Banburry and Cheltenham at 7 or 8£ Prem., and even the Cornwall at £6 or £7 premium. Great Western shares, with £80 paid, at one period approached the enormous price of £235. London and North Western were at nearly £250; and difficult to say what railway share in the market was not at some ideal premium, on the same scale, and the same false computation of profit. Then came the reaction. Found that the profits upon which Hudson had based his 10% leases and similar arrangements, were wholly imaginary. He paid dividends out of capital, and, to use the words of an official before the |38 Eastern Counties Railway Investigation Committee, he achieved his purpose by the rule that, „capital was to bear what revenue would not“. Easy to pay dividends on such terms, until public saw that the whole a farce, then down came the entire fabric, involving in utter ruin 1000ds of families.
The Money Market Review, 27. Juni 1868. S. 686.
Schließen
The Extraordinary Subsidies of the French Gvt. to
the Messageries Impériales.
This Co. undertook its mail contract with India and China via Egypt in 1861, with all the advantages derivable from the 17 years of costly trial and experience gained by the (Brit.) Peninsular and Oriental Co. French Gvt. conceded to that Co. subsidies, to be payable out of French taxes for 24 years, without competition, equal in amount to 3 × the amount of subsidies payable to the English Co., with competition, at intervals of 6 or 8 years. Auch sonst enormous advantages und guarantees conferred upon the French Co. without parallel in the contracts of the British Gvt. with the Peninsular and Oriental. Now another contract with the favoured Messageries submitted to the Corps Législ. Hitherto the mail service of France in the South Pacific performed by the British mail steamers, without cost of 1 single d. to French Gvt. or people. Messageries are ambitious to conduct it; with subsidy of no less than 3 times the mileage rate now paid by the British Gvt. for the same service. In addition to this, the Messageries are to have a loan from the Gvt. of £160,000, and their shareholders the guarantee of the Imp. Gvt. of 5% dividend upon their capital … Gratuitous squandering of Public Funds upon speculative monopolists unable to sustain themselves in fair competition.
The Money Market Review, 27. Juni 1868. S. 693.
Schließen
The West Wisconsin Railway. Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Land und Eisenbahn in
U. St.)
Wisconsin in part covered mit immense forests of most valueable timber; possesses a rich vegetable soil, averaging a depth of 2 feet; most prolific in minerals; the great level region of the Mississippi lies chiefly within its limits. Is already 2nd wheat producing State in Union. Population at last census was 800,000. Its area 54,000 □ miles, little less than that of England and Wales. Is deficient in railway communications. British capitalists invited to promote that object. Some proposed the West Wisconsin line, to be 157 miles in its total length, running in a north-westerly direction, from Tomah, on the south east, where it connects with the lines from Milwaukee and Chicago to Hudson, on Lake St. Croix, whence it will soon connect with St. Paul’s, the capital of Minnesota, where the great railways of the West concentrate. It passes through a fine farming country in a high state of cultivation, as well as through forests of pine, walnut, maple, and oak; and along the whole route are not only farms but numerous steam saw mills and flour mills, furnishing the means of a constantly growing freight traffic. The Congress of the U. St., as an aid to the construction of the line, made some years ago a grant to the Co. of 1 □ mile of land for every mile in length of road constructed – that is to say, of 1,004,800 acres. The value of these lands, at the present legal minimum price is 4,512,000$ or £900,000. … The value of land is reckoned von 21/2 $ to 5$ p. acre. At the present moment the lands of the Illinois Central Co. have improved to average of nearly 11$ per acre; and the West Wisconsin lands as rich, if not richer, naturally.
July 11. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 11. Juli 1868. S. 27/28.
Schließen
Alderman
Dakin.
This worthy is a director of the City Offices Co; Metropolitan Railway Co; South African Mortgage and Investment Co; London and Lancashire Insurance Co; chairman of the English and Scottish Marine Insurance Co; director of the Rhymney Railway Co.; chairman of the Grt. Western of Canada Railway; director of the Great Central Gas Consumers Co.; Metropolitan District Railway Co; Metropolitan Railway Warehousing Co; Cape (Eastern Province) Railway Co und was director in several Cos. now being wound up.
The Money Market Review, 11. Juli 1868. S. 28.
Schließen
H. E.
Bird, public Accountant, Estimate of Railway (nach
den official accounts der Directors
(!)[)]
Diese estimates für die 18 largest British Railway Cos. | |
Capital expended, 1866 and 1867 by the 18 Railways | £31,248,287 |
Gross Revenue earned by the same in 1866 and 1867 | 68,525,458 |
Working expenses charged against Revenue dt. dt. | 33,528,073 |
Net Revenue | 34,997,385 |
Surplus of Net Revenue over Capital expended | £3,749,098 |
Paid away in Dividends and interest (dtto ’66 and ’67) | £35,694,873 |
The Money Market Review, 11. Juli 1868. S. 29.
Schließen
Labor of Superintendence. Venezuelan Loan.
(„Venezuela: Its Government and its People, and the History of
the Loan of 1864. By E. B. Eastwick, C. B. F.R.S., late
Secretary of legation at the Court of Persia; and
Commissioner for the Venezuelan Loan for 1864.“ (London.
1868.)[)]
Kommentar von Marx. – Marx verweist auf I. Gerstenberg: Suggestions for Forming a Council of
Foreign Bondholders. London 1868. Diese Schrift
erhielt er von Sigismund Borkheim am 11. November 1868. Für
seine Einschätzung der Broschüre siehe auch seine Briefe an
Collet Dobson Collet vom 19. und 23. November 1868.
Schließen Dieser
Kerl von der City geschickt zum
Contrahiren des loans. Vgl. auch Isidor Berlinerblau
Gerstenberg.
Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen Dieser Eastwick sagt
Achsen zuckend von den Creolen von
Südamerika: „Though they have many good qualities, they are averse to
physical labour … Their wits are sharp, and they do well for
superintendents; but as to work, that tries the sinews … All the
haciendas in the country would go to ruin if it were not for the Indians
and the mixed breeds.“ The Creols are good for nothing, sagt
die
Money Market Review
»but as superintendents«. Zusammenfassung von Marx in eigenen Worten.
Schließen Hauptwitz
des Eastwick wie des
Berlinerblau daß
die Englische Regierung gegen Venezuela
(die Regierung dort hatte den
englischen Kapitalisten gewisse Zölle verpachtet)
interveniren soll. He
reproduces despatch of Palmerston d.d. 1848, worin der emphatically
asserts the rights of the British Gvt. to intervene in such
cases. (gegen defaulting Gvts.) Zusatz von Marx.
Schließen Und
die
Money Market
Review sagt:
So long as the „profitable“ undertakings at home are the most profitable, and sufficient to absorb all capital seeking investment, that capital will no doubt be invested in them; but money, like every other commodity, will always seek the best market, and if foreign states are willing to pay higher rates of interest than can be obtained from home investments, it is natural that English capitalists should invest in foreign loans. And if a foreign state, as a state, contracts to pay a British subject, the latter has an undoubted right to the assistance of his Gvt., in enforcing the performance of that contract.|
The Money Market Review, 11. Juli 1868. S. 42.
Schließen
Income Tax. Ireland.
Amount of property and profits charged in Ireland: £21,231,567 in 1854, £23,399,021 in 1864, £25,273,390 in 1866.
The Money Market Review, 11. Juli 1868. S. 45.
Schließen
Australian Gold. Imports in U. Kingd.
for 10 J. end. 1867 (inclusive).
1858. | 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
£.9,064,763 | £.8,624,566 | £6,719,000 | £6,331,225. | £6,704,753 | £5,995,368 | £2,656,971 | £5,051,170 | £6,839,674 | £5,801,207. |
When considered that the New Zealand gold fields have brought in contingent of gold during last 2 or 3 years, seen that gold yield in Australia proper has somewhat fallen off.
July 18. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 18. Juli 1868. S. 53/54.
Schließen
„Commercial Morality. By a retired Merchant. London
1868. 2nd edit.“ (Ranken et Co. Drury
House, St. Martin’s Le Grand:
Dwells upon the wrongs which the butchers, grovers etc are now suffering at the hands of the cooperative stores, „by which they have been reduced to circumstances of temptation“. „So far from running amuck at the shopkeepers, they are deserving of our sympathy, for many worthy people must be thrown out of employment by the centralising character of the co-operative system.“
July 25. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 25. Juli 1868. S. 84/85.
Schließen
Banking Progress during half year ending
30. June. Reports of the London Joint Stock Banks.
Deposits: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
June 30. 1868. | Dec. 31. 1867. | |||
London and Westminster | £19,915,950 | 22,010,572 | Decr. £2,094,622 | Total net decrease of deposits £3,747,194 = 9% on amount held last Dec. |
Union | 10,069,837 | 12,071,097 | Decr. 2,001,260 | |
City | 2,514,782 | 2,229,791 | Incr. 284,991 | |
Alliance | 1,296,286 | 1,322,218 | Decr. 25,932 | |
Imperial | 1,159,412 | 1,177,967 | Decr. 18,555 | |
Consolidated | 2,260,770 | 2,184,783 | Incr. 75,987 | |
Metropolitan | 297,237 | 265,040 | Incr. 32,197 |
Acceptances. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
June 30. ’68 | Dec. 31. ’67 | |||
London und Westminster | £970,096 | 902,700 | Incr. £67,396 | Zunahm[e] Total in
acceptances of £2,252,674 |
Union | 7,308,655 | 5,298,744 | Incr. £2,009,911 | |
City | 2,161,690 | 1,418,388 | Incr. 743,302 | |
Alliance | 217,593 | 98,541 | Incr. 119,052 | |
Imperial | 93,004 | 134,726 | Decr. 41,722 | |
Consolidated | 200,531 | 102,414 | Incr. 98,117 | |
Metropolitan | 4,596 | 4,676 | Decr. 80 |
London Joint Stock had still its old form of account of lumping acceptances mit deposits. Total of these items £13,836,628, being £1,859,296 more than last half year.
Amount of net Profits. | |||
---|---|---|---|
June 30 ’68. | Dec. 31. ’67 | ||
London and Westminster | £152,396 | £147,646 | Incr. £4,750 |
London Joint Stock | 74,908 | 66,994 | 7,914 |
Union | 99,570 | 89,711 | 9,895 9,859 |
City | 17,673 | 19,877 | [Decr.] 2,204 |
Alliance | 16,417 | 5,734 | 10,683 |
Imperial | 10,824 | 10,670 | 154 |
Consolidated | 31,313 | 27,263 | |
Metropolitan | 5,932 |
London and Westminster divides 24% p.a. against 32 und 28% p.a. respectively in the 2 preceding half years.
London Joint Stock | 121/2% (on larger capital) against | 121/2 und | 162/3 |
Union Bank | 15 | 15 | 25 |
City Bank | 7 | 7 | 10. |
Imperial, Consolidated und Metropolitan continue to pay 5% p.a. as in January last, Alliance Bank 3% p.a. for last half year, no dividend January last.
The Money Market Review, 25. Juli 1868. S. 85.
Schließen
Intrinsic Value of Railway
Property. (Concluded.) (Sieh p.
38)
Capital apparently raised or expended at close of 1867 by said 18 Railways in round numbers: | £361,387,016. (Dieß weniger als wirklich) |
Gross Revenue of Year 1867 | £34,749,460 |
9.63% upon the capital spent at the end of the year. (Gross Revenue upon the capital spent at the end of the year.) | |
Working Cost (1867) | 17,138,120 |
Apparent net profit | £17,611,331 |
This yield nominally an average of 4.88%. Aber nun deduct charges made during year to capital | |
Deduct charges to capital | 12,198,967 |
Net Profit with closed capital accounts | £5,412,364 |
These net profits upon capital of £361,387,016 would yield in year exactly | 11/2%.| |
A bad Business. – Smith, Knight, and Co. (Lim.)
Aus:
The Money Market
Review, 25. Juli 1868. S. 85.
Schließen
John Smith, of that firm, contractors applied to
Bankruptcy Court on 9. July for discharge. Nach den accounts
(before dem Court) liabilities £493,384, assets only about
£4,407, besides a „doubtful“ claim of £118,000 on the Penarth Harbour
Dock and Railway Co. On 1st April
1864, the business of Smith and Knight transferred to limited Co. im in consideration of £234,000. Their liabilities at that time
£218,076 mit assets stated to be £119,000, in addition to the
doubtful claim above mentioned. When the Co. was formed each of the
partners took 10,000 shares of £50 each. Diese Kerls sold their really
insolvent concern at goodwill of £234,000. Found directors to father
such a project.
Aus:
The Money Market Review,
25. Juli 1868. S. 88.
Schließen Dieser Smith
commenced business in 1855 mit £4,400. He senior partner. Of Knight
nothing is said, has besides, absconded, war probably penniless. Each of
these partners (1864 when the lim. Society started) engaged to take
10,000 shares, i.o. to pay £1,000,000 (when they were insolvent[)]. Vor dem Bankruptcy Court Smith
(nachdem Knight absconded) discharged, since the directors of Smith, Knight et Co – the
representatives of the shareholders – intimate that they are perfectly
satisfied mit Smith’s accounts, and have no objection
of his passing and being discharged of all legal obligation.
August 1. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 1. August 1868. S. 113.
Schließen
Board of Trade Returns
Show depression of Trade.
Exports, value, in June ’68 nearly 14 Mill. £., being £737,000 less than in May ’68, £1,557,000 less than June 1867 und £697,000 less than June 1866. Exports, value, first 6 months ending June ’68: £84,601,000 being £3,012,000 und £8,256,000 below those of corresponding periods of 1867 und 1866 respectively.
These Reductions chiefly to be attributed to changes in exports of textile fabrics, cotton manufactures showing the greatest falling off. Diminution in all chief articles (vgl. mit 1867 only) excepting cotton yarn, coals and copper.
Imports. „Computed Real value“ of enumerated articles for May ’68: 213/4 Mill. £, 21/2 Mill. less than May ’67 und 3 Mill. less than May ’66.
Aggregate Imports, ditto, for 5 months end. 31 May 1868 £90,168,000, merely £1,620,000 than same period 1867, aber £8,148,000 less than same time in 1866. Chief alterations, compared with same time 1867, Increase in Wheat imported from U. States, Egypt, Turkey etc and Decrease in imports of wool from Australia, and silk from India, China, and other places. Reduction of about 11/2% in value of cotton imported, aber slight increase in quantities for the 6 months ending June last.
The Money Market Review, 1. August 1868. S. 112.
Schließen
Panic and Investors.
After a panic, such as that of May 1866, comes prostration, when investors scarcely care to buy anything at any price; then a hesitating confidence; then full confidence; and at last gambling and another panic. This has been the ordinary routine, and in all probability it will continue.
The Money Market Review, 1. August 1868. S. 128.
Schließen
The Indian Trade.
Export from U. Kingd. nach India. amounted on April 30, ’68 to £7,008,951 as compared mit £5,762,596 in corresponding period of 1867, and £5,129,811 in that of 1866. The shipments to Madras have shown some depression this year, but Bombay and Scinde took British goods in first 4 months of this year to £1,817,511, as gegen £1,415,253 in period of 1867 und £1,433,181 in that of 1866. Similarly the value of the British goods taken by Bengal and Pegu in first 4 months of 1868 was £4,706,837, against £3,852,318 in 1867 und £3,102,947 in 1866 (corresponding periods).
August 8. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 142/143.
Schließen
Final payment of Creditors of the late
Agra and
Masterman’s Bank. (Stopped 7
June ’66, every creditor paid 15. July, ’68.)
At the time of stoppage liabilities £7,700,000, and assets spread almost over the whole world (England, India, China, Australia). Creditors paid in full mit interest of 5%. When it stopped liab. £7,700,000 und assets £10,000,000. The resuscitated undertaking has just declared interim dividend to 30. June at 8% p.a. on the A Capital (the shareholders Capital. The B Capital is that represented by the reserved shares of the „Agra and Masterman’s“ proprietary.)
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 149.
Schließen
Cotton Statisticts Statistics
Act.
1868.
Return of actual stock of cotton on hand in various parts in U. Kingd. on 31. July. 68 278,450 bales of American, 129,872 of Brazilian, 132,923 East Indian, 41,318 bales Egyptian, 27,226 bales miscellaneous; total number of bales 609,789. This return made from figures voluntarily given, and which the Board of Trade had, consequently, no means of checking.
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 161.
Schließen
Commercial Prospects of U. States. (Financial
Circular of H. Clews et Co. New York.)
Owing to deficiency of home production, we have, for last 5 years, imported Foreign products largely in excess of ordinary means of payment, viz. produce and precious metals. Resulting deficiency set off by remittance of U. St. securities to extent of $700,000,000, or, say, 1/3 of our whole gold interest debt. Dieß purchase of our bonds comes now to end. Aber we are not proportionally reducing our Imports. This verspricht crisis from overtrade.
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 161.
Schließen
Pacific Railway etc.
Officially announced that the Great Railway Route to the Pacific will be opened for through traffic from New York to San Francisco on 4 July. 1869.|
15 August. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 167/168.
Schließen
The Exports of Gold and Operation of Bank Act.
Decrease in coin and bullion £571,260. Decrease in reserve of notes and coin: £141,140. Coin and Bullion in B.o.E. £20,800,729. Reserve: £11,267,469.
During last few weeks there has arisen a moderate but continuous demand for gold for exportation, followed by an increased but still inconsiderable demand for it on account of the new French loan, and the customary demand at this season for our harvest operations. The demand for harvest purposes have been earlier than usual, heavier than usual, and more universal and less gradual than usual, because such has been the nature and character of the harvest itself. But all these demands put together small compared with total amount of bullion in hand. Yet effect on Money market considerable. Consols depressed to nearly 1%, other home securities in proportion, while many foreign securities have fallen 2 or 3%. Why all this? Rational cause there is none. But for years public mind accustomed to associate drain of gold, whether external or internal, with a rise in value of money, and a fall in the prices of all ordinary investments. Stupid investors, whenever what is called a drain of gold occurs, it is to them, a sign of ill omen. They rush to sell in anticipation of the fall, and thus actually produce it, as in this case. Dieser Blödsinn legitimate offspring of the Bank Act of 1844, and the policy of the Bank directors under its provisions.
The Money Market Review, 8. August 1868. S. 168.
Schließen
The New Act on amending the Law relating to
Railways.
Der Akt enthält nicht Compulsory official Audit.
The Money Market Review, 15. August 1868. S. 169.
Schließen
Indian Railways in their most recent Financial
Aspect.
Mr. Juland Danvers has lately issued his annual report. During year ended 31. March 1868, 349 miles of new railway opened for traffic, including the Jubbulpore branch of the East Indian, consisting of 225 miles; 29 miles of the Grt. Indian Peninsula to Nagpore; 27 miles of the Delhi line between Ghazeeabad and Meerut; another section of the Delhi line of about the same length between the western terminus of Umritsur and the river Beas; and the remaining 41 miles of the Great Southern to Errode, where it forms a junction with the Madras Railway. Drawback: the works on the Great Peninsula are proved to be defective, especially on the Bhore Ghât incline. The „through“ communication between Bombay and Calcutta, which would have been completed this year but for this mishap, now postponed. Engineers’ estimates have been exceeded in every instance, while the contract has not in all cases been observed.
The principle of the guarantee system by the Gvt. must not be abandoned.
Capital required according to the last Estimate, | 31 March 1868 | £93,916,000 |
Authorised by Gvt. to be raised | do. do. | 84,386,000 |
Total raised | do do | 76,579,016 |
Withdrawn for expenditure | do. do. | 75,071,656 |
The amount of capital raised during year ended | 31 March 1868 | £9,102,540 |
Expenditure during same year | 7,024,960 | |
Estimated Expenditure during year ending | 31 March 1869 | £6,077,000 |
Stands on balance to the Credit of the various Cos | 1,682,000 | |
Leaves, according to Estimate, to be raised during | 1868–69 | 5,574,000 |
Revenue Receipts in gross for year ended | June 30, 1867 | £4,875,112 |
Revenue expenses | 2,537,812 | |
Net Profit | 2,337,300 |
The Revenue for the Indian Railway System during year ended 30 Jun. 1867 nur £32,337 in excess of previous year, but year ended 30 June 1866 there was increase of £962,984 over that ended 30 June 1865, and thus in 2 years the addition to the revenue upwards of a mill. £.
For the years ended | ||
---|---|---|
June 30. 1866 | June 30. 1867. | |
Net Revenue | £2,304,534 | 2,336,871 |
Guaranteed interest | 2,936,672 | 3,179,095 |
Advanced by the State | 632,138 | 842,224 |
If there was trifling increase in the net revenue of 1866–67 over that of 1865–66, the expenditure of capital advanced much more rapidly, and consequently the payment of interest by the State become far more onerous upon the state than in the previous year. The Revenue of 1865–66 exceptionally increased by the traffic in cotton from the interior to the coast under the stimulus of the high prices in U. Kingd. and the attendant mania in India. This stimulus removed, the traffic of the railways relapsed into its normal condition. The wonder is that the traffic was so well supported in the latter year.
22. August. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 22. August 1868. S. 191/192.
Schließen
The General Estates Co. (lim.)
Nach Report von Fagg and James, the official liquidators, the Co. formed in June, 1865. Projector: James Clifford Hodges. Objects proposed: acquisition of leasehold and real property in City and elsewhere for the purpose of making a profit by them, but not clear in what way the profit was to be made. The immediate and real object of its formation was the purchase and taking over of several heavily mortgaged properties belonging to Hodges and which Hodges did not know how to dispose of advantageously. Shares, allotted in July; only 5,925 taken up; total amount, therefore, of paidup capital with which the Co. commenced operations, only £11,850; but that was of no consequence. If they had not paid up capital they had unpaid capital, for which the shareholders would be liable, and they had besides the credit of a corporate company which they could utilise by the creation and issue of debentures and bills. No sooner was the Co. constituted than |42 the directors contracted with Hodges for the purchase of his properties, – certain houses in the City, and some building land at Clapham and Balham, for £65,712 paid to him – after deduction of £27,800, for which they were in mortgage – partly in cash and partly in debentures and acceptances. In a few months, and still having no more than their original amount of capital, they contracted mit Sir M. Peto for the purchase of an estate known as the Spread Eagle property, in Gracechurch street, for £100,000. They had no money to pay even the deposit, but had convenient bankers, who lent them £10,000 for the purpose. Purchase not completed, because they were unable to find the remaining £90,000; contract ultimately cancelled, the Co. forfeiting £6,120 of the deposit, besides paying the law expenses. Nevertheless, early in 1866, they agreed to purchase an estate at Holloway, but were unable to complete the contract, it ended in forfeiture of £100. In March, 1866, they took a lease of some ground in Philpot-lane, at a rental of £750 a year, and agreed in expending £5000 in building thereon. Put up building, for which builder now claims £8000, and for which he holds possession of the premises, said not likely to realise £.5000.
One of the properties purchased from Hodges a building lease of a house in Limestreet, to which was attached a condition in favour of an existing tenant. Premises were rebuilt without any regard to rights of this tenant; consequence action of trespass and action of ejectment, compromised by agreement to pay £1,100 as compensation. But the £1100 never paid, constitute a claim against the Co. which awaits the decision of the court. But the reckless improvidence of these directors did not end here. On portions of the Balham estates they granted building leases, engaging to make advances to the builder as the works progressed. Thus they advanced £5000 to one builder, which amount they borrowed from the first mortgage of the property for the purpose, giving him, as further security, the building agreements. Of another portion of their property, for which they had paid £16,000, they did not make a single shilling of rent or profit during the whole of the 14 months’ of the Co’s existence. Yet were borrowing large sums, thousands of £, all this time to take up their acceptances; at the rate of 21% p.a.! Some of these bills entrusted to Hodges to get discounted, and of the produce of them nearly £1000 still unaccounted for. Since the commencement of the liquidation Hodges has become bankrupt, little chance of the amount ever being repaid. Two of these acceptances for £1000 each were handed for discount to a firm in whose hands there was an overdue promissory note for £1,500 of the Hill Pottery Co., some of the directors of which Co. were also directors of the General Estates Co. The acceptances and promissory notes respectively bore the endorsement of the several persons who were directors of both cos., and on this ground the discounters claimed the right to deduct the £1,500, the amount of the overdue note, von den £2,000, the amount of the acceptances, and sent a cheque for the balance only. Liquidators hope to compel these persons to restore the £1,500, with interest. That question stands for decision of the Court next term.
Two of the original directors retired soon after the formation of the Co; 4 others have since retired and become bankrupts; the projector is a bankrupt, and the managing director has compounded with his creditors; the bankers have obtained judgement against the Co. for £10,000; the mortgagees are in possession of the various properties; debts and liab. about £100,000; assets, whether anything or nothing, problematical. Main asset seems to be the uncalled capital, the whole of which the Master of the Rolls has ordered to be called up, and the value of that may be judged by fact that call of £2 p. share in 1866 realised the sum of £110 only. Much litigation has been, will be more in the affairs of the Co. Most of solvent shareholders sold out when they saw what Co. they were in. But they were caught. Most of the shares they sold were bought by Hodges, the projector, to keep up the price of the shares in the market. When the winding up order came, discovered that, though Hodges had bought the shares and had them duly transferred to him, he had never registered the transfers. The names of the former holders therefore still upon the register of shareholders, daher transferred to the official list of contributories. Have their remedy against Hodges, but Hodges bankrupt. Such things impossible, if shares fully paid up and issued „to bearer“.
The Money Market Review, 22. August 1868. S. 205.
Schließen
Annual Average Minimum Discountrates of
B.o.E. since 1856.
1856: £5. 19s. 6d. 1857: £6. 13s. 5d. 1858: £3. 4s. 3d. 1859: £2. s.14 d.10. 1860: £4. 3s. 10d. 1861: 5l. 4s. 10d. 1862: £2. 10s. 7d. 1863 £4. 8s. 5d. 1864: £7. 7s. 0. 1865 £4. 15s. 5d. 1866: £6. 16s. 8d. 1867: £2. 10s. 9d.
The Money Market Review, 22. August 1868. S. 205.
Schließen
National Debt. (1868)
On 31. March 1868: funded debt £741,190,328 und unfunded debt £7,911,100. Endlich die terminable annuities, by which the nation is paying off principal as well as interest. The £26,425,000, the present annual charge for the debt other than unfunded, consists to the extent now of about £4,000,000 a year of these terminable annuities. On 31 March, 1868, annuities expiring in 1885 amounted to £2,883,990; the life annuities sold by the Gvt. and still payable amounted to £973,548, and the annuities for terms of years £53,795; the Red Sea Telegraph Co’s annuity, expiring in 1908, is £36,000; and there are tontine and other life annuities amounting to £28,552. The total is £3,975,885 a year, equal if capitalised to nearly £48,000,000 of debt. This makes the capital of the debt £797,000,000.
The Money Market Review, 22. August 1868. S. 209.
Schließen
U. Kingd. Bullion movement 1867.
Total Value of gold and silver bullion and specie imported into U. Kingdom, 1867: £23,821,047, wovon £15,800,159 gold und £8,020,888 silver.
August 29. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 29. August 1868. S. 217.
Schließen
Railway finance. für 1866 (Board of Trade
Return.)
Ordinary (without priority of claim on Revenue.) Dec. 31. 1865. | £219,598,196 | Incr. in 1866: £8,674,433. | Total: £228,245,629 |
Preference. Dec. 31. 1865 | £124,263,475 | Incr. in 1866: £10,197,623. | Total: £134,455,098. |
Debenture Stock (Funded Debt) Dec. 31. 1865 | £13,795,375 | Incr. in 1866: £310,219. | Total: £.14,105,594 |
Debenture Loans. (Terminable Debt payable at fixed periods) Dec. 31. ’65 | £97,821,097 | Incr. 1866: £7,244,766 | Total: £.105,065,863 |
Grand Total | £481,872,184. |
Gross Revenue for the year: | ||
---|---|---|
1865 | 1866. | |
Receipts from all sources | £35,800,113 | £38,164,354 |
Working Expenses (Steamboat, Canal and harbour expenses excluded) | 17,149,073 | £18,811,673 |
Net Revenue | £18,651,040 | £19,352,681 |
Addition to Capital in 1866: Ordinary Stock £8,644,433. Preference: £.10,191,623. Debenture Stock: 310,219. Termin. Dbt. Loans: 7,244,766. Total: £26,394,041
Da 261/4 Mill. capital spent in 1866, while total net revenue from railways only 191/4 mill. £, the business was a losing concern, i.e. nach dieser officiellen Rechnung.
5 September. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 5. September 1868. S. 236/237.
Schließen
Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. Meeting of
shareholders on 27 August. ’68.
Th. Baring M.P. in chair, so der grosse Watkin angeblich Krankheits halber abwesend. Die Directoren (Watkin, Baring, Hodgson) widersetzen sich dem Wunsch der Railway shareholders gedruckte Register aller shareholders zu haben (so daß sie sich untereinander verständigen können.) Die shareholders überstimmen unanimously these signori directors welche die masters spielen wollen. Bei dieser Gelegenheit bemerkt, daß Watkin, der chairman, 40£ p. Woche Salair bezieht (sehr viel bei dem precairen unpaying Stand der Railway); daß dieser selbe Watkin had the management of 5 or 6 other Cos., for which he received salaries amounting to £5,000 or £6,000 a year (für jede). Another shareholder said: „It was notorious that all the officials of the Co. of Canada were connected with other Cos. whose interests were antagonistic to those of the Grand Trunk, and the result was that the proprietors of the Grand Trunk got nothing.“
12. September 1868.
The Money Market Review, 12. September 1868. S. 258/259.
Schließen
The South African Gold Fields. The Colony of
Natal.
Close to the colony of Natal, upon the territory of a chief friendly to England, who desires to place it under English gvt. The gold found in reefs of quartz, for 100ds of miles.
The Money Market Review, 12. September 1868. S. 265.
Schließen
Wheat Importations of 1868.
Wheat Importations of July ’68 below those of July ’67. Yet the total arrivals for the first 7 months of 1868 were 17% in excess of those of the same period 1867. Of the aggregate quantity of 20,706,791 cwt, Russia contributed 26%, U. St. 22%, Germany 16%, Turkey 12%, Egypt 12%, Illyria 4%, Chili 3%, Denmark 1%, Canada 1%, and other countries 3%. The supply from Russia and Germany was considerably less than that of 1867, but great increase from the U. States.
September 19. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 19. September 1868. S. 276.
Schließen
Cotton
At the close of August ’68
„Middling Orleans“, p. lb., 111/4d., „Uplands“ 11d,
„Middling Mobile“ 111/8d. At this time last year prices
several pence higher for the same articles. Still the minimum nearly
double that of period before the American war. At commencement of August
’68, owing to reduced stocks, there was a fair demand and trifling
advance in prices, but there were heavy imports, and price of cotton
fell again. [»]Towards the close of the
month, however, there was a positive advance in value.« Dieß alles small
movements. Question, ob cotton must fall definitely much lower? Dieß
probable. The quantity of American cotton grown since last war seems to
have exceeded all anticipation, and it is mentioned in Mssrs. Leech,
Harrison, and Forwood’s circular that Brazilian cotton has been bought
as a substitute for American, while East Indian, of which there is now a
fair selection, it is gradually assuming a leading position, and will
have in a great measure to supply the place of American until the new
crop is available. The stock of cotton in this country and at sea is
somewhat smaller now than it was The Money Market Review: last
year
Schließen 1867, and consequently for the present existing prices may be
supported, aber nicht für Dauer mit den neu geöffneten
sources
of supply.
The Money Market Review, 19. September 1868. S. 285.
Schließen
Land in Australia. (cultivated)
Land under cultivation in the Australian colonies, according to last returns, 2,500,000 acres, live stock: 600,000 horses, 4,000,000 cattle, 38,500,000 sheep, 400,000 pigs, total of more than 43 Millions head of stock.
The Money Market Review, 19. September 1868. S. 287.
Schließen
Foreign Trade of U. Kingdom for first half years ’68 ’67 und 66.
Imports: 1866 £139,377,961. 1867: £126,558,561. 1868: £128,533,367.
Exports. 1866: £92,857,830. 1867.: £87,613,484. 1868: £84,601,157.
The Exports to Foreign Countries for the first half years: 1866: £66,990,170. 1867: £64,685,265. 1868: £60,851,539. To the Un. States: 1866: £15,228,220. 1867: £11,951,179. 1868: £10,540,940. To British Possessions 1866: £25,867,660. 1867: £22,928,219. 1868: £23,749,618.
26. September. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 26. September 1868. S. 295/296.
Schließen
B. o. England. Its capital.
Its capital £14,553,000; it is not banking capital, but permanently invested at a low rate of interest in loans to Gvt. The „Rest“ undivided Profits, which never allowed (nach langjähriger custom) by the Directors to fall below 3 Mill. £. St. Nicht im Kapital eingeschlossen die Buildings der Bank in London (the Bank stands upon about 3 acres of the most valuable land in the City of London), wohl aber die branch establishments in den Provinzen.
October 3. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 3. Oktober 1868. S. 315/316.
Schließen
The Board of Trade Returns.
A.) Exports
For month August 1868
£16,427,597 being £679,328 more than in July (’68) und £1,777,000 more than the average of the 5 months ending mit July.
Total Exports des Jahrs to end of August 1868: £116,777,023, being £4,279,890 or 31/2% less than for the corresponding months of 1867, und £8,488,797 below the total of the 8 months of 1866.
Cotton Manufactures, 371/2% of the grand total of our export trade: Important decline in the value of piece goods of all kinds for first 8 months of 1868, compared mit the same period 1867. End August 1868: (8 months) £32,268,723 against £35,312,134 (1867) reduction of £3,043,411, or 81/2% on the value. But as to Quantities exported: yards 1,900,260,705 shipped to end August 1868, against 1,789,176,406 yards same time 1867, increase of 61/4%. More in quantity, less in value. Difference against us apparently equal to 143/4%. But much of this difference explained by difference in price of material. Z.B. „Middling“ uplands average quotation for this sort at Liverpool von 1st Jan. to 31 August 1868 was: 10.364 d. p. lb against 12.157d. p. lb same period last year. Reduction exactly 143/4%.
Exports of Cotton Yarn: for 8. months end. August. ’68: 114,202,513 lbs, value £9,846,037; increase of 8,484,358 lbs in quantity, and also of £56,995, or 1/2% in value. Daraus folgt daß spinners of cotton yarn only have had – owing to augmented shipments of this article – the advantage over the manufacturers who weave the yarn into piece goods.
Export of woollen cloths etc, during the 8 months, considerable falling off, compared to 1867. Reduction in value: £1,224,164, being 32%, whilst the decline in quantity is only 24%.
Shipments | of manufactures of worsted and wool and other mixtures moderate augmentation on the whole. |
dtto | of Woollen and Worsted Yarns increase over 14%. |
Dto | Linen Yarns and Linen Piece goods decrease of about 10% in value. |
Dto | Iron and unwrought steel decline of about 10% in value. |
Dto | Thrown Silk advanced von £326,128 to £716,999. |
B. Imports. (to end of
July. Computed real value. Quantities to end August.)
Imports for July 1868: £21,487,632, being £859,075 more than June ’68 und Increase of £1,224,000 on the average of 5 months ending June 1868.
dtto £2,271,789 in excess of imports July, 1867 und £846,068 over July 1866.
Total Imports for 7 months ending July 1868: £.132,283,806, Increase of £3,347,906 gegen same period 1867 und Decrease of £11,260,953 period of 1866. In 1866 the figures much affected by high price of raw cotton.
Imports of Wheat for first 7 months ending July 1868: £15,320,539, being £2,928,440 more than same period 1867.
Quantities of Wheat for August 1868: Improved harvest prospects have checked imports from all parts, and only 2,012,374 cwts were received against 3,287,469 cwts August, reduction of nearly 40%.
Imports of Cotton to end of July 1868: £34,407,467 against £35,769,400 same time 1867.
Dtto Quantity received to end August 1868: Cwts 7,500,221 against 7,391,680 in 1867.
Dtto Quantity Receipts in August 1868: Diminution of 231,000 cwts or 23% against August 1867, falling off chiefly in supplies from British India and Un. States.
October 10, 1868.
The Money Market Review, 10. Oktober 1868. S. 335/336.
Schließen
Influence of Commercial Depression on Railway
Revenues.
Depends from what source Revenue of Railway prinicipally depends. 1) Passenger and Mails. Passenger traffic least prejudiced during commercial stagnation. 2) Merchandise and live stock diminished, but to less degree than minerals. 3) Minerals: most affected. This shown by the following list ⦗a railway being described as belonging to one or other class, je nach Proportion worin one of the 3 descriptions prevail in its traffic⦘ of Dividends first Half years 1868 und ’67. Only exception Lancashire und Yorkshire; wo Verbessrung in Folge von spezifischen Umständen, besonders better management. (Sieh den Comparison folgende Seite):|
45A) Passenger Lines. | ||
---|---|---|
Dividend: First Half Year. | ||
1868 | 1867 | |
South Western | 4%. p.a. | 33/4%. p.a. |
South Eastern | 21/4 | 2 |
Metropolitan | 7 (durch faule means in both years) | 7 |
Brighton | shows improvement. | |
B) Passenger and Merchandise Lines. | ||
London and North Western | 51/4%. p.a. | 51/4 p.a |
Grt. Northern | 2 4 1/4 | 41/2 |
North British | Stationary | |
Great Eastern | shows Improvement. | |
Grt. Western | 11/4% p.a. | 11/4 p.ct. p.a. |
C) Merchandise Lines. | ||
Lancashire and Yorkshire | 63/4 P.C. p.a. | 61/2 p.c. p.a. |
Midland | 5 | 51/2 |
D) Merchandise and Mineral Lines. | ||
North Eastern (Berwick) | 41/2 p.c. p.a | 5% p.a. |
Sheffield | nil | 1 |
Caledonian | 11/2 | 51/4 |
Glasgow and Southwestern | 41/2 | 51/2 |
E) Mineral Lines. | ||
North Staffordshire | 21/2 p.ct. p.a | 3 P.C. p.a |
Monmouthshire | 4 | 5 |
A much greater falling off has occurred in these 2 last lines. When compared mit 1866 it will be seen that much of the depression experienced in 1867.
The Money Market Review, 10. Oktober 1868. S. 339.
Schließen
London, Chatham, and
Dover Railway und Landed
Property.
That line one [of] those Southern lines which have doubled and quadrupled the value of property in the districts they have passed through, and nearly or quite ruined themsels. landlord extorts £150, where he previously asked £.50.
The Money Market Review, 10. Oktober 1868. S. 351.
Schließen
The Wool Trade. (Windeler et Bowes. Circular 8 Oct.
68)
Improvement in sales of October. Must have beneficial effect upon trade in interior up to the opening of next sales, on or after 19. November [.] Demand for manufactured goods for export continues limited. So lange not to be expected – as this continues – higher quotations of wool. But we think prices have passed the lowest price point. For the November sales 56,400 bales are here or afloat; further arrivals, chiefly Capes, zusammen mit 35 or 40,000 Bales, held back or withdrawn from last series, will bring total quantity to come forward to nearly 110,000 bales, about same as the corresponding series 1867. Well conditioned, staply wools will be scarce as the selection of Australian includes much of the excessively faulty wool, found unsaleable during August. Capes will form the chief feature, and a large proportion again extra scoured. These lately in better demand. The proportion of medium clothing wool will be large.
October 17. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 17. Oktober 1868. S. 359/360.
Schließen
Royal Bank
of Liverpool. Keeping things in dark to make Matters
Pleasant. (failure Oct. 1867)
On 24. Jan. ’67 declared dividend of 8%, and reported to shareholders that whole of capital und reserved fund of £75,000 intact. In Oct. ’67, 9 months later, whole of capital and reserve fund lost u.s.w. Harmood Banner, one of the most eminent accountants in Liverpool, tried to hush up, in order to „avoid publicity“. 12 months ago shareholders appointed Comm. of Investigation. At length, Mr. Watson, chairman of that committee, determined to present report; no sooner commenced reading it than interrupted by Banner. (in shareholders meeting convoked to hear the report.) Protested in name of liquidators. Warned them, the revelations in the report would be prejudicial to their interests etc; they might drive several creditors into Bankruptcy Court (während durch Stillschweigen diese Kerls andre beschwindeln und dadurch die Co. zahlen können); in consequence might have to pay other call of £5 p. share. Horsfall M.P. (one of the shareholders) told Banner: „Yes; it is your policy to keep things in the dark, and you have raised yourself to eminence by it; but it will not do in concerns like this.“
October 24. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 24. Oktober 1868. S. 379/380.
Schließen
The Merchant’s Co. (lim.) and the Criminal charge
against the directors.
1865 Co. formed to take over the business of Mssrs. Lane, Hankey et Co under the name of the Merchants Co. (lim.) The Prospectus issued in November 1865 with Richard Stuart Lane, Horace Edward Chapman, and Frederick John Helbert Helbert, the partners in the old firm, as directors. The partners undertook to liquidate all the debts and liabilities of the firm. They were to receive £62,500 in debentures and paid up shares of the Co. for the goodwill of the business only; they guaranteed to the shareholders 10% upon the paid up capital for a certain number of years. Total amount of capital paid upon the shares £45,000. In October, 1866, after about 10 months’ existence, the Co. stopped payment. Mssrs Lane, Hankey, et Co. had received from the Co. debentures for £25,000, and shares with £15 per share paid to the amount of £37,500, being the amount to be paid for the goodwill. On 22. August, 1866, a couple of months before the Co. stopped payment, the partners filed a deed of inspection under the Bankruptcy Act, for the winding up of their affairs. The debts of the partnership, as |46 then sworn by the partners, were:
Debts of Lane, Hankey, et Co. | £.282,498 |
Debts of R. J. Lane | 69,315 |
Do. F. J. Helbert Helbert | 13,735 |
Do. H. E. Chapman | 6,245 |
Total | £371,793. |
On failure of Co., a committee of shareholders appointed to investigate its affairs, mit Chairmen: Benjamin Moore, of Moorgate Chambers, he had 100 shares, on which he had paid 1000£. Committee desired to examine the books of the partnership. But Lane, Hankey, and Co. refused to give up their books, or produce them for inspection. Co. are still in liquidation und die Co. inserted in the list of creditors of Lane, Hankey et Co. for £45,000 and upwards, being the whole of the paid up capital of the Co., of which, it seems, they had become possessed, in addition to the £62,500 for the good will, and in addition also to £10,000 of acceptances which the Co. had given for their accommodation. No dividend hitherto paid under the deed of inspection. Nach 2 J. quiescence der shareholders, Mr. Moore laid certain evidence before the Lord Mayor, and obtained summonses against Stuart Lane, Chapman, and Helbert, under einer Clause des Acts von 1861, for having „unlawfully made, circulated, and published a prospectus etc“. Person guilty thereof, nach diesem Statut, liable, if convicted, to penal servitude for 7 years. On 2 October the defendants appeared, obtained adjournment on ground that an analysis of the accounts was being prepared by an accountant employed by the defendants. On 9. Oct. defendants again appeared. Der Advokat des Ankläger Moore, G. Lewis, jun., declared that nach der Einsicht der analysis des account alles all right, daher Moore als Ankläger withdrew the summons. Vallance (counsel für Lane) und Metcalf Metcalfe (für Chapman und Helbert) „thanked Mr. Lewis for the frank way in which he had acquitted those gentlemen of any fraudulent motives etc“ „freed their clients from imputation“ etc. Andrerseits complimentirten die Sachwalter den Clienten von Lewis als „perfectly honourable gentleman … put forward by other persons behind the scenes, whose real object was to damage his clients“. Lord Mayor jedoch doubted. By a few questions he ascertained that Moore, besides being so perfectly satisfied with „the analysis of accounts“ had stipulated for the payment of the money he had lost. Lord Mayor required „the informations on which he had acted in granting the summons to be read in open court.“ Diese informations on oath filed in this case state ugly facts. Barlow, the colonial manager of the Merchants’ Co. from its formation until stopping payment, had sworn distinctly, that statement in prospectus, that Lane, Hankey et Co had made profits during 6 years previous to 1865, was false, for they were in 1865 hopelessly insolvent, had been so for years, annual losses instead of profits making. He further deposed on oath that on 2nd May 1866, at office of the Co., H. E. Chapman informed him that the firm of Lane, Hankey et Co ought to have stopped payment in 1861; that when he (Chapman) joined them in June 1863, the said R. S. Lane declared there was £65,000 capital in the concern, „instead of which there was £75,000 the other way, and the concern was completely rotten.“
The Money Market Review, 24. Oktober 1868. S. 380.
Schließen
Joint Stock Cos. Parliam. Return on 31st May 1868.
1863: | registered | 790 Cos., | with nominal capital at | £139,988,242 |
1864 | 997 Cos, | with nom. capital | 237,437,084 | |
1865 | 1,0333 1,033 Cos | 205,391,818 | ||
1866 | 762 | 76,824,823 | ||
1867 | 479 | 31,444,982 | ||
1868 | von 1st Jan. bis 31 May | 203 | registered mit | £13,896,182 Unlimited Cos. 9. |
Objects – Rede von denen zwischen 1st Jan. bis 31 May 1868 [–] so various as possible. Z.B. 1) supplies Colyton mit gas, 2) Poole and Cherbourg Steam Packet Co., 3) Eastbourn Eastbourne Baths and Laundry Co., 4) Liverpool Merchant Tailors’ Co, and so forth. N. 1 (Colyton gas) had at date of last return 19 shareholders, who had taken 73 shares out of £300 created, and yet Co. returned as „still in operation“. N. 2 (Poole and Cherb. Steam Packet) originally 108 subscribers, for 800 shares, representing £4,000 capital, at the last return only 131 shareholders, who had paid upon their shares £1,275. This concern do. described as „still in operation“. N. 3 (Eastbourne Baths etc), described as „having no place of business“, aber nominal capital of £10,000 in 1000 shares. This Co. supposed to be „still in operation“, but „no return“ as to number of shareholders, calls received, calls made, shares taken. N. 4 (Merchant Tailors’ Co) is being „wound up“, which means, we suppose, that it is no Co. at all. Von den 393 (in 1868) 4 are being termed as „wound up“, 5 as „in operation“, 341 Cos. supposed to be „still in operation“. Of the 9 „unlimited“ no account. Hence seem to stand on no better footing than the unlimited.
The Money Market Review, 24. Oktober 1868. S. 385/386.
Schließen
Seignorage on Coin.
In all the mints of the world except England. In Paris mint 2%, Australian mint 7,5 on large parcels, and 10% on small ones; in the Indian mints 1%. In English mint (London) nominally gold is coined free, aber practice of restricting tenders of gold to £10,000 tends to fix a duty of 11/2d. p. oz. – i.e., the difference between coin gold £3. 17s. 101/2d. per oz., und the price paid by the B.o.E. for gold bullion, £3. 17s. 9d. which is equal to 0.16%.
The Money Market Review, 24. Oktober 1868. S. 387.
Schließen
Conversion of Iron into Steel.
Several years since Bessemer carried to successful issue the pneumatic process which bears his name for the manufacture of steel from pig iron. His process demands iron of the first brand, as is unequal to the conversion of iron of inferior quality, charged with impurities of phosphorus and sulphur in large quantities.
Thus, until very recently, no marketable steel has been produced from Cleveland or Northamptonshire pig. Now process patented by Heaton, of the Langley Mill, in the Erewash valley, by which inferior iron made into first class steel, thus utilising for the higher purposes of manufacture vast deposits of ore hitherto condemned to the lowest rank. The process is chemical not mechanical, great economy of time and labour appears thus secured. Nitrate of soda is the agent employed. Tensile and resisting strength of steel manufactured by this method. Saving in cost of production said to be several £ a ton.|
October 31. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 31. Oktober 1868. S. 403.
Schließen
The Money Market.
Impression of soon rising money value. Recently increase in the number of good bills offering. Partly due to improvement in Iron Trade, which has imparted more cheerful feeling in other equally important branches of business. Foreign and Colonial Loans lately subscribed, having provided an outlet for some portion of the surplus capital, are gradually, if slowly, affecting the money market. There is a decided pause in the Continental demand for English bills, and the movements occurred during the last fortnight in the rates of exchange on France and elsewhere are causing an export of gold from this side, despite the enormous accumulation of the precious metals held by the Bank o. France.
At the turn of each quarter, owing to the payment of dividends and salaries, some large reductions in the reserve and bullion generally take place.
Total coin et bullion | Total Reserve of Notes und Coin | Proportion p. Cent of Reserve to Liabil. of Bk. Dept. | Bank Rate. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 23. 1867. | £18,892,000 | £10,973,000 | 431/8 | 31/2 |
April 24. 1867 | 19,337,000 | 11,212,000 | 451/2 | 3 |
July 24. 1867 | 22,772,000 | 13,769,000 | 53 | 21/2 |
October 30. 1867 | 22,697,000 | 13,043,000 | 517/8 | 2 |
Jan. 22. 1868 | 22,201,000 | 13,332,000 | 501/8 | 2 |
April 22. 1868 | 20,527,000 | 11,587,000 | 461/4 | 2 |
July 22. 1868 | 20,077,000 | 12,586,000 | 487/8 | 2 |
Octer. 28. 1868 | 19,845,000 | 10,669,000 | 431/8 | 2 |
Vergleich Oct. 28. ’68 mit 23. Jan. ’67, increase of £953,00[0] in total coin and bullion und Decrease of £304,000 in reserve of notes and coin; but on comparing the Reserve mit Liab. des Bank Department – which chiefly guides directors in fixing rate of discount – the relative strength exactly the same. Yet Bankrate of Discount in Jan. ’67: 31/2% und in Oct. 28 only 2%. Culminating point, or strongest position of the Bank, 25 Sept. 1867, when Reserve of the Bk. Dpt. 575/8% of its liabilities. Since then the total coin and bullion, and the reserve of notes and coin have diminished £4,603,000 und £5,371,000 respectively. Verhältniß von Reserve to banking liab. now 141/2% less strong than on 25. Sept. 1867. Vgl. this week’s return mit that of 22 July ’68, coin und bullion have diminished £2,232,000 und Reserve of notes und coin £1,917,000, while Reserve, in proportion to liab., is 431/8% against 487/8%, difference of 53/4%. When the reserve sinks below 33% or 1/3 of its Liabilities, the Bank usually raises its rate of discount.
The Money Market Review, 31. Oktober 1868. S. 407/408.
Schließen
Manufacture of Iron and Steel. Heaton’s
Process Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (Patents).
For many years positive, though scarcely recognized contest, in progress between mechanical and chemical improvements in this department. Half a century ago mechanical progress was represented by the invention of puddling, and its details. Almost simultaneously the discoveries of new metals by the great chemists of the last generation suggested combinations with the ores of iron by which the product was improved. Voltaic and galvanic electricity were resorted to upon theories that had science, if not success, to recommend their trial.
Von Marx übernommen und zusammengefasst
in Manuskript II der zweiten Buchs des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/11.
S. 194.9–15).
Schließen Bessemer process, for producing the best iron and hardest
steel. Crude iron contains, in combination, a certain amount of
carbon. The Bessemer process decarbonises the metal by forcing
through the converting vessel, in which it is fluid, powerful
jets of atmospheric air, the oxygen in which produces combustion
of the carbon contained in the iron. The result is intense heat,
and the production of steel ready to be poured into the ingot
moulds. Process defective in 2 respects. It does not wholly
supersede puddling, nor does it, in the
case of the poorer ores, get rid of the sulphur and phosphorus
they contain. Only, particular ores can be relied upon to
produce unexceptionable metal by this process. Puddling unless
perfectly efficient, will yield a product comparatively
fibreless. In fact, iron is being constantly produced to which
it would be impossible to give any fibre. Bessemer process owes
its efficiency as much to the quality of pig iron used as to the
speciality of operation.
Von Marx mit Auslassungen übernommen in
Manuskript II zum zweiten Buch des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/11.
S. 194.16–30).
Schließen Heaton’s process does not exact the absence of sulphur and
phosphorus. Crude iron is converted at once into wrought iron
and steel, whatever the impurities it contains, and it
supersedes altogether the process of puddling. This done, not by
the mechanical application of atmospheric air, but by the
chemical effect of nitrate of soda in the „patent converter“. A
mixture of crude nitrate of soda, with siliceous sand, being
introduced into the converter, a reaction speedily commences.
Nitrous flames escape, with copious fumes produced by the escape
of steam, that carry away in suspension a portion of the flux.
Then follows an intense deflagration; and, when all is over, and
the converter emptied of its contents, the produce of steel is
found to have its impurities eliminated, while carbon reduced to
requisite proportion. The chemical operation is this: The nitric
acid in the nitrate imparts oxygen to the impurities in the
iron, and converts them into compounds with the sodium, and they
are carried off with the sodium in the slag. The action of the
sodium is a great advantage over the oxydising methods in common
use.
The wrought iron produced by the process in presence of Prof. Miller bore a rupturing strain of 23 tons per □ inch and an elongation of 1/4 of its length; and the tilted steel bore a tensile strain of 42 tons per □ inch and an elongation of 1/12 of its length; while the appearances of the fractures were uniformly fibrous. Some hard tools have been made of the steel and also of the iron, the tests of which were very severe, but which they bore with perfect success.
By superseding puddling, great saving effected in labour and cost of plant; by the power it gives of using crude iron from the ores richest in impurities, manufacture can be carried on in situations where otherwise it would be impossible. Superior article at cheaper price. Wichtig für railway, shipowners, armour plated navy etc[.] The cost of the converters and the means for carrying out the process absolutely inconsiderable in relation to the results obtained.
The Money Market Review, 31. Oktober 1868. S. 418.
Schließen
The Premium of gold at New York.
(Circular of H. Clews et Co. of New York. d.d. October
14.)
Tendency of gold premium strongly downwards, the price this week having touched 1371/8 against 1441/2 at date of our latest advices. Absorption of the large amount of bonds sent abroad 2 and 3 months ago – being contrary to general expectation, and having settled an adverse trade balance threatening to call for a heavy export of gold in addition to our previous unprecedented shipments – has revived the old reliance upon shipment of bonds for the settlement of adverse foreign balances. This unexpected foreign demand for bonds, together with the present upward tendency of quotations abroad, induces expectation that the large amount of interest payable to European bondholders on November 1 will be, to a large extent, covered by remittances |48 of bonds, which alleviates another source of misgivings as to the adjustment of our foreign balances. Hence vigorous reaction from the late upward speculation (nämlich auf Steigen des Prämium on gold). Dazu prospect of unusually liberal shipments of wheat and corn to Europe late in the season is also steadily making itself felt.
November 7. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 7. November 1868. S. 423.
Schließen
Money Market.
Trade so bad with stagnant money market that revival in demand und even increase in Bankrate now welcome as a signal of relief. Discount Houses acting at present with great caution, and refuse to take long paper at anything like the rates current a week ago. Preference given to short bills, the rates for which have been less affected during the week than those for bills having 4 or 6 months to run. Evidence of increased demand for money besonders reduction at B.o.E. of £1,298,000 in the Private Deposits.
The Money Market Review, 7. November 1868. S. 424.
Schließen
Board of Trade Returns.
1866 | 1867 | 1868 | |
---|---|---|---|
For Month September | £16,671,078 | £16,145,584 | £16,927,000 Excess of £782,000 über Sept. 67 und £256,162 über September 1866. |
Total Exports für 9 mths. end. Sept. | £133,704,000, being Less £3,498,000 than 1867 und £8,232,000 1866. |
The Exports of Sept. 1868 exceeded the average of the 5 previous months by £1,856,000, or 121/2%; and each of the last 3 months gives a fair increase on the preceding month.
1866 | 1867 | 1868 | |
---|---|---|---|
For month August | £22,480,009 | 20,748,046 | 20,278,000 |
Total Imports for 8 months end. August. | £152,562,000 | ||
Increase on same period 1867 of £2,878,000 Decrease on same pd. 1866 of £13,463,000, the chief fluctuations being in cotton and wheat. |
Receipts of Wheat only for 12 months end. August 31, 1868: cwts 36,333,087 or 8,384,559 qrs – increase on the preceding 12 months of 263/4%. For September 1868 (first month des neuen Herbstjahrs. Von 1 Sept. bis August 31 immer) decrease in the imports 353/4 on same time 1867.
The Money Market Review, 7. November 1868. S. 428/429.
Schließen
Cotton Trade.
It is unfortunate that this trade should be rendered more risky and hazardous by the intervention of a class of mere speculators, who, coming between the merchant and manufacturer, have not a true or legitimate interest in its welfare or stability … the class of transactions so often observed in Liverpool … are not improperly described as gambling. Erhöhen und vermehren obviously die Preis fluctuations. … The high prices of the last 5 or 6 years have restricted the sales of goods in every market, and been the means of adding to the number of mixtures, composed of cotton and other fibres, which will for the future compete largely with mere cotton goods.
The cotton circulars of October contained the completed statistics of the American crops for the season 1867–68, taken from recent New York papers.
1867–1868 | bales 2,577,000 | Increase over 10% compared mit 1866–67. |
1866–1867 | 2,329,000 | |
1865–1866 | 2,329,000 | but hierin included a quantity belonging to 1861–65, of which no records were taken. |
1868–1869 | Estimates vary from 2,500,000 to 2,700,000 bales. |
October 31. 1868. Bales. | Oct. 31. 1867. Bales | |
---|---|---|
Stocks in Liverpool, London, Havre. | 628,875 against | 809,489 |
At Sea for these ports. American | 29,000 | 21,000 |
East Indian etc | 289,513 | 191,750 |
Total Stock in hand and at Sea | 947,388 | 1,022,239 |
These figures shown trifle against this year, but are not sufficient to warrant the difference shown in the quotations, which are „Middling“ Orleans 111/4d. p. lb Oct. 68 against 9d. p. lb Oct. 67 und „Fair“ Dhollera 81/4d. (Oct. 68) gegen 65/8d. (Oct. 67) American cotton may be considered statistically of strong position, since 2/3 of the deficiency in the Liverpool stocks of that description. The supplies, however, known to be on the way, not only of American, but other hands, larger than at this date last year. Moreover, the accounts given in the Manchester trade circulars of gloomy character; resort to „short time“ spoken of as inevitable.|
49It is significant that the spasmodic upward movements in cotton so frequently of late have had no effect and received no response or encouragement in the markets for manufactured cloth, either in this country or abroad. In fact, the Manchester quotations for cotton goods, despite an advance of about 25% on the raw material as compared with 1867, are now (as stated by Mssrs. G. Fraser, Son, and Co.) unchanged, or only nominally dearer than those ruling 12 months ago, so that the whole difference is practically lost by the trade.
The Money Market Review, 7. November 1868. S. 435.
Schließen
Cotton. Liverpool Market. Nov. 6. (’68)
Rise of 1/8 to 3/8d. p. lb. Sales of week 121,500 bales, davon 26,500 taken on speculation, 26,750 for Exportation. Imports 40,000 bales. Miserably unsatisfactory accounts from East. On 28 Oct., with Exchange 1s. 115/8d., prices from Bombay for an 8–4lb. Shirting net home only 9s. 2d. p. piece, and from Calcutta 8s. 9d. p. piece, showing a loss on the present unrenumerative rates.
The Money Market Review, 7. November 1868. S. 431.
Schließen
Winding up Companies in Chancery.
The Official Judicial Statistics for 1867 show 110 orders were brought into the chambers of the Masters of the Rolls and Vice Chancellors for winding up Cos. List of contributories were proposed, from which 357 names were excluded; 9,343 persons were included in the lists. Calls were ordered in the year amounting to £4,497,831. Dividends were ordered to be paid to £7,310,339. The calls made in 1866 were £1,810,834.
November 14. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 14. November 1868. S. 449/450.
Schließen
The Council of Foreign Bondholders.
Kommentar von
Marx. Siehe Sigismund Borkheim an Marx, 11. November 1868; Marx
an Collet Dobson Collet, 19. November 1868.
Schließen Dieser Schwindel unter Baring’s Anstiftung.
Isidor Berlinerblau
Gerstenberg vorgeschoben als
Mauerbrecher.
In
der „Money Market Review“ konnte keine entsprechende Passage
ermittelt werden. Möglicherweise handelt es sich um Marx’
Zusammenfassung einiger Argumente der Schrift von I. Gerstenberg: Suggestions for Forming a Council of
Foreign Bondholders. London 1868. S. 16–19. Marx
erhielt diese Schrift von Sigismund Borkheim am 11. November
1868. Für eine Marx’sche Einschätzung der Broschüre siehe auch
die Briefe von Marx an Collet Dobson Collet vom 19. und 23. November 1868. Der Zusatz in Klammern stammt indes von Marx;
siehe dazu Marx an Collet Dobson Collet, 2. November 1868. Auch
der im letzten Satz geäußerte Zusammenhang lässt sich nicht bei
Gerstenberg nachweisen.
Schließen Angeblicher Zweck: durch pressure upon
British Gvt. die Foreign Gvt.,
die Schulden bei Engländern contrahiren, zum Zahlen zu zwingen
(Also, auf Rußlands etc Anstiftung, England in French
War zu verwickeln) Ausserdem: An office for the promotion of
investments of British Capital abroad. Schließlich:
Mittel der Speculation für die
grossen Finanzschwindler.
Austria has taxed foreign debt 16%, Italy 8%.
In the last few years we have entered into extensive loan operations with Mahommedan nations, which have got over their objection to the principle of borrowing abroad. Turkey and Egypt now pay millions a year in interest; Morocco has given a mortgage upon her resources; and Tunis has already become insolvent. In this respect the East has profited by the instructions of the West, and we have been almost startled at the rapidity with which a debt has been scored up. Peru deals in loans with vast sinking funds. New Granada gives land to those who themselves never will or can occupy on one acre. Russia grants a State guarantee to lines mortgaged as security. State after State issues loans below par with the varied inducements that appertain to drawings.
In the cause of time many circumstances indispose the issuing houses to act in
favour of the holders of a loan. Kommentar von Marx unter Bezugnahme auf
Informationen aus dem Brief von Sigismund Borkheim an Marx vom
11. November 1868. Siehe auch The Money Market Review,
14. November 1868. S. 457.
Schließen ⦗Und darum,
die issuing houses, Baring, Bonar, Thompson etc
die instigators und leading members
des proposed Council⦘. Many recent loans have
been issued on Commission. The issuing firms are
in such cases to be regarded rather as having for clients the
Governments on whose account they act than the public
whom they invite to subscribe. Other houses frequently act as
the official agents of the loan-contracting
Gvts. In fact, the relations commonly established between the issuing
houses and the Gvt. for which a loan is made may be looked upon as
leading to arrangements under which forbearance in case of difficulty is
inevitable.
The Money Market Review, 14. November 1868. S. 451/452.
Schließen
Heaton’s Direct Process for Nitrate
Steel.
Heaton of Langley Mills, near Nottingham. His operation, based upon true
chemical and metallurgical principles, calculated to supersede Von Marx übernommen in Manuskript II zum
zweiten Buch des „Kapital“ (MEGA² II/11. S. 194.31–32).
Schließen the mechanical appliance appliances which involve the outlay of large capitals, whilst the poorer ones cannot be made available at all.
Practical man daher gegen die Sache,
theils überhaupt against improvements as innovations of no practical
use, theils speziell wegen der
„Disturbance of establishments in which fortunes are
invested“. Daher die Intriguen (der
Bessermeriten) gegen Heaton. Ein Contemporary – „Engineering“ (of 7 Nov. 1868) macht daher allerlei lausige
Bedenken. The crude steel produced by the use of nitrate of soda is
described as of extremely crude quality, containing hardly more than 97%
of pure iron, and nearly 2% of carbon.
Falsch. The crude steel contained a good deal less than 2% of carbon; and, when it was converted into steel iron, less than 1% of carbon. „Engineering“ has omitted to state what amount of sulphur was removed by the process, while, if any phosphorus was left in the crude steel, it was obviously not such as to injure the quality. „Engineering“ next says that phosphorus and sulphur are removed in puddling steel, and that the puddling process is cheaper than the use of nitrate. Statement incorrect. Besides, the great waste of iron in puddling omitted from the calculations. The commoner ores, fullest of the impurities of sulphur and phosphorus, have not all their phosphorus and sulphur removed by puddling. They cannot be removed by mechanical operations only.
Only the purest ores are available for the Bessemer process. The Heaton supersedes puddling altogether, thus supersedes much expensive labour, utilizes the poorest ores, deprives them of their impurities more effectually than manualwork, with little or no waste of metal in the operation. Another allegation is that nitrate steel is not more uniform in quality than puddled steel. But it is uniform; puddled steel extremely inequal in quality, taking large quantities. With respect to the proportion of slag to the yield of crude steel, Prof. Miller calculated that the maximum could not have exceeded 23% of the weight of the molten metal experimented upon, so that the 12.6% of iron in the slag could not be more than 3% of the iron operated on. Mr. Heaton has since ascertained by direct experiment that the quantity of slag produced is but 1/3 of the amount estimated by Dr. Miller as the possible maximum; but, then, Heaton no longer uses an admixture of lime. The percentage of iron lost in conversion does not, therefore, exceed 1%.
Then „Engineering“ speeks of the cost of Nitrate of soda. In certain countries its supply boundless. Merchants and shipowners are not the men to neglect an article for which there will be good demand. If dear, only temporary. Its cost; cost, besised besides, fully compensated by the smaller |50 capital required in the first instance by way of plant und die suppression of a most costly and painful labour, out of which most of the difficulties of ironmasters with their men have arisen, and in the use of the impurest ores. Heaton’s processes are an advance in iron and steel manufacture, equal in interest to puddling process and Bessemer’s process.
The Money Market Review, 14. November 1868. S. 452.
Schließen
Cotton Trade. (Circular of Stokes, Mc Haffie et
Co)
At this period last year (1867) there was a far larger margin between price of cloth and cotton than now exists, and yet cotton fell 15 to 20% before the end of the year.
The Money Market Review, 14. November 1868. S. 453.
Schließen
Invention patented by W. T. Read, Old Broad street,
City, for the better application of bisulphite of lime in brewing
Trade.
This stuff used now largely in brewing trade to control fermentation and prevent acidity etc. Saves large amount of labour (Read’s process) performs so process, till now clumsy, perfectly. Our annual exports of beer and ale now nearly 2 Mill. £. St.
The Money Market Review, 14. November 1868. S. 453.
Schließen
East India Irrigation and Canal Co.
Arrangements made between its directors und Secretary of State for India (subject to confirmation at a meeting of shareholders) wodurch the Co’s undertaking in Orissa to be surrendered to Gvt. in consideration of sum in cash equal to the whole paidup capital and 5% interest thereon (so that each shareholder will receive 1£ Premium on 20£ paid upon each share) and also £50,000 to cover compensation to the managing body and officers.
November 21. 1868.
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 467.
Schließen
Money Market. Rise in Bankrate of
Discount.
From 2%, fixed on 25 July 1867, raised to 21/2% on 19 Nov. 1867. Anlaß dazu: The unprecedented withdrawal of 1 Million £ in gold for shipment to Russia.
A 2% Rate has now existed at 3 different Periods:
1st Period. von April 22, 1852 to January 6, 1853 | 37 weeks |
2nd Period. July 24, 1862 to October 30, 1862 | 14 weeks |
3rd Period. July 25, 1867 to Nov. 19, 1868 | 69 weeks, 5 × that of ’62 und almost 2 × that of 1852. |
This 2% rate (25 Jul. 1867 – 19 Nov. 1868) has lasted longer than any other Bankrate since Act of 1844:
2% | for 69 weeks | ending Nov. 19, 1868 |
21/2 P.Ct. | 58 weeks | Oct. 16, 1845 |
21/2 P.Ct. | 57 do. | Dec. 26, 1850 |
3 do. | 55 do. | Nov. 22, 1849 |
3 do. | 53 do. | Jan. 1, 1852 |
The higher the rate is carried and the longer it it is maintained in that position, the surer reaction to the other extreme, and the longer it must prevail:
Prior to 1847 | a higher point than 6% never known. |
Crisis of 1847: | 8% for 4 weeks. Followed by continued decline until 22 Nov. 1849, when 21/2%; in force for 57 weeks. |
Crisis of 1857: | 10% for 61/2 weeks, then gradual reduction to on 9 Decemb. 1858 to 21/2%; which lasted only 20 weeks. |
Crisis of 1866: | 10% for nearly 14 weeks, reduced to 3% in less than 6 months, und 2% within a year, lasting for 69 weeks. |
Vergleichen wir Bank o. England mit Bank o. France this week, so finden wir:
Decrease of coin and bullion | £1,002,191 |
Increase in Discounts and Loans | 556,817 |
Decrease in active circulation | 447,215 |
Decrease of coin and bullion | £449,494 | Issue: £46,506,627 |
Decrease in bills discounted | 13,423 | do. 18,627,382 |
Increase in Notes in Circulation (Issued 54,170,814): | 246,216 | Hier also mit Decr. of Capital loan und Decr. of Bullion, Increase in Note Circulation. |
Die Increase der Notes in Circulation der B.o.F. trotz Decrease of Bullion und Decrease des Discount Business, erklärt durch Decrease of Private Deposits und Treasury Balance, as seen by:
Private Deposits. | Summe: 12,952,484 | Decrease: 467,684 |
Treasury Balance: | do. 6,971,087 | Decr. 142,610| |
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 467/468.
Schließen
U. Kingd. National Income and its
Resources.
Tobacco (40 mill. lb unmanufactured Imported) | nearly 61/2 mill. £ |
Sugar. Refined and unrefined (The Grocers’ Duty) u. stuffs worin sugar ingredient |
5,765,501£ St. Unter diesen Zucker Artikeln „glucose or vegetable syrup“ £2,722. Almond Paste: (40 lbs imported) 0. Dried cherries. 3£ only. 2 pound of comfits for children, paid 0. Marmelade: 5£. Preserved Plums: £4. Ridiculous customs, do not defray their cost of collection. |
Tea and coffee (raw and roasted) chicory (raw or kiln dried) Cocoa and its husks and shells, and its paste or chocolate |
£3,359,590. |
Spirits and articles containing spirits (spirits sweetened, unsweetened, but mixed, chloroform, collodion, ether und varnish containing alcohol) | £4,301,620 (Chloroform
only £70, ether 54l., collodion £8, Kommentar von Marx. Schließen ridiculous customs) |
Corn and grain | £883,941 |
„Dried Fruits“ including currants, figs, plums, prunes, raisins | £421,740 |
Importations of malt and its products with their substitutes | £3,709 |
Gold and Silver Plate | £4,250 |
Playing Cards | £376 |
All customs in year ending March 31, 1868 | £22,808,140 |
do do 1867 | 22,355,859 |
do do 1866 | 21,356,723 |
Duty on chicory | somewhat over £21,000, aber auf: |
Duties on The Money Market Review:
spirituous Schließen spiritual drinks. (inclusive customs) |
|
From Foreign Spirits | £4,301,620 |
Wines | 1,500,000 |
Malt | 6,575,263 |
Home made spirits | 11,346,181 |
Brewers’ licences | 357,000 |
Maltsters’ do. | 15,884 |
Dealers. do. | 1,000,000 |
Total |
£25,095,948 If we add 61/2 Mill. £. from Tobacco, 331/2 Mill. l. derived from drinking und smoking. |
Railway Duty. „5% on sums received for conveyance of passengers“ | £485,136 |
Stage Carriage Duty of 1 farthing for each mile travelled | £35,857. |
Hackney Carriage Duty of 7s. p. week, or 6s. p. week if not used on Sundays | £103,153 |
Licences to makers of playing cards | £16 |
do. to sellers of same | £1,066. |
Licence to kill game | £150,949 |
Licences on dogs | upwards of £400,000 |
Stamps on deeds etc | £1,620,426 |
do. On Probate of wills and letters of administration | £1,771,832 |
do. On Legacy and Succession to Real Estates |
£2,894,380 The income from the succession to real estate still utterly disproportioned to that derived from legacies of personal estate, and returns of these duties still mixed up and confounded with the legacy duty in order to conceal that disproportion. |
Total of stamp duties | £9,737,573. |
Landtax (other tax under the cover of which landowners escape payment of their fair quota) | £1,106,695 |
Inhabited House Tax | £1,068,984, almost as much as land tax. |
Income Tax | £6,287,079 |
2) Property and Income Tax under Schedule A (lands, tenements etc) | £125,070,065 |
3) Income Tax under Schedule D (trades, professions etc) Both are rated alike at 5d. in £. |
£158,052,628. |
Excise | £21,323,848 |
[Stamps] | 9,737,573 |
[Taxes] | 9,752,561 |
£40,813,983 | |
Bemerkung von
Marx. Schließen (turnover.)|52 |
|
Inland Revenue: | £40,813,983 |
Customs: | 22,808,140 |
Post Office: | 4,558,962 |
Total: | £68,181,085. |
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 472/473.
Schließen
The East India Irrigation and Canal Co.
Zusammenfassender Kommentar von Marx.
Schließen The alternative: Government takes the Orissa
undertaking (see p. 50) oder die shareholders müssen
verdammt blechen.
The Indian Gvt. has been forced by public opinion to give a great
expansion to the practice of irrigation. As a rule better that the Gvt.
should be the direct seller of the water, because it can adapt the price
to the charge made for the land in such modes that
the cultivator will be obliged to take the water. It was clumsy
contrivance that Cos. with unguaranteed capital should first sell the
water to the Gvt., and then the Gvt. to the cultivator. In the event of
a failure of crops from want of irrigation, the Gvt. thus escaped its
responsibilities. The Gvt. policy not always consistent in the matter of
the Orissa works. At their commencement, and for some time afterwards,
the Co. received the cooperation of the Gvt., which was cordially
rendered. But, whether from the growth of conviction that irrigation
ought to be the sole work of the Gvt., or from the feelings excited in
consequence of the failures in the crops having produced famine, this
cooperation began to be given in a perfunctory way, and at the present
time it cannot be calculated upon. The East India Irrigation Co. has a
right to complain of this change. But, on the other hand, the Gvt.
complain of the delay which has occurred in the execution of some of the
works undertaken by the Co., and forming part of their whole scheme;
because, after all, the ultimate responsibility of disaster from the
state of crops falls upon the executive. Before matters arrived to this
point Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen (wo Gvt. offers to undertake the
whole) the directors reported to the proprietors that
the completion of the several sections of the Orissa works would cost
£1,500,000. But early in the present month the chief Engineer in India
reported that £420,000 must be added to this estimate. The capital of
the Co. being £1,000,000, it follows that £920,000 more required before
the works undertaken can be completed. Though an area of acres 700,000
would be irrigated by this expenditure, the works could not be completed
without the money, and, meanwhile, the call for their completion is
urgent, under a sort of pressure impossible to resist. The directors
applied to the shareholders to supply new capital, but subscriptions
little more than £70,000, the payment of which extended over 4 years,
while the balance of unexpended capital in England had been reduced to
£33,000. Demonstrated by this fact that further share capital not to be
raised.
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 474.
Schließen
The Board of Trade Returns and the Trade
of the Country. Sept. ’68.
The Board of Trade Returns show improvement in September ’68, as compared with same month ’67 and ’66, but the great bulk of our export trade, consisting chiefly of the staples of Lancashire, is not only not flourishing, but the reverse. It has been so ever since the great fall in values, since the termination of the American war. There has no been no continued healthy trade with our Eastern markets since the Indian mutiny. The profits realised during the American war were spasmodic and unnatural, and the immense fortunes then accumulated, have since all been more than lost, and have been succeeded in Lancashire by a period of reverses unknown even during the cotton famine. Estimating all the charges upon shipments to our Eastern markets upon the most economical scale, and they are favoured by the low rates of freights now ruling, the prices obtainable at all the ports show a considerable loss of shipments now made, and there is no experience to show that the present is a less favourable time for ventures than any previous time of this year.
The present position of manufacturers is almost ruinous, as a profit upon production is rendered impossible from the high rates current for the raw material; and so hopeless seems the prospect of relief by a real improvement in the demand that shorttime working is universally admitted to be the only means of bettering their condition, an alternative never necessary in ordinary times, and only resorted to at the last extremity.
Question: If the trade is an unsound one, why are the returns not only kept up, but increased? The answer is: Chiefly for financial purposes. There being no healthy demand for consumption, the new and increased exports are for the purpose of providing for previous engagements falling due. A good portion of the trade is also contributed by producers, who, being unable to find a market for the whole of their production, and being too poor to hold, consign the remainder, upon which they are accommodated with partial advances through the commission agent or intermediate man, who knows that someone must suffer, and provides on the contingency not falling upon himself.|
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 479.
Schließen
Import of Corn.
The Board of Trade now add to their usual monthly return a table showing the quantity of corn and wheat flower imported into the U. Kingdom between harvest and harvest, viz. in the 12 months, from 1st September to 31st August.
Import in 12 months ending | 31st August 1866 | equal to | qrs 16,365,738: | = (62,881,908 cwts.) |
31st August 1867 | qrs 16,423,923 | = (63,186,726 cwts.) | ||
31 August 1868 | qrs 16,904,737 | = (66,241,042 cwts) |
31 August 1868 thus constituted. | 36,333,087 cwts of wheat | = 8,384,559 qrs. |
3,149,815 cwts of wheat flower | = 908,601 qrs. | |
5,583,086 cwts of barley | = 1,563,264 qrs. | |
8,584,365 cwts of oats | = 3,121,587 qrs. | |
999,118 cwts of peas | = 222,026 qrs. | |
2,289,655 cwts of beans | = 534,253 qrs. | |
9,301,916 cwts of Indian corn | = 2,170,447 qrs. |
Year ending 31 August 1866: | 24,926,789 cwts | = 5,752,336 qrs. |
31 August 1867: | 28,658,336 cwts | = 6,613,541 qrs. |
31 August 1868: | 36,333,087 cwts | = 8,384,559 qrs. |
The Money Market Review, 21. November 1868. S. 468/469.
Schließen
The Foreign Settlements on the London Stock
Exchange.
Twice a month a settlement of the previous fortnight is made upon the Stock Exchange. On those days securities to the nominal value of at least 40 millions are handed about. „Handed about“ is indeed to too mild a term to describe the treatment to which, in the pressure of an „account“, the property represented by foreign bonds is subjected. The whole settlement has to be „got through“ before half past 2 in the afternoon. By Stock Exchange law a buyer is bound to pay for all bonds delivered to him up to that time, and when the half-hour has struck the seller can make no further claim for payment during the day.
Zusatz von
Marx.
Schließen Money Market
Review citirt Pamphlet (1868)
eines Stockbroker’s über diesen diabolischen settling
day:
„The enormous increase in the number of foreign loans recently negotiated or introduced in this country, and the small denomination of the bonds into which it is the modern practice to divide them, have multiplied the inconvenience and risk attending the present mode of settlement to so great an extent that it is believed no time should be lost in devising an adequate remedy. At present, after the clerks have reduced the account as much as possible in the limited space they have at their disposal, the balances remaining open are settled by delivery from A to B, from B to C, and so on, till the ultimate buyer is reached, so that the same bond frequently passes through 30, 40, or even 50 hands. To prove that this is no exaggeration we have only to look in busy times at the names on the back of a ticket in Consols, or in any of the principal Railways. These will be found frequently with 50 names on them. One result is that transactions, which could probably be adjusted by the passing of cheques to the amount of perhaps 2 or 3 millions £, involve now settlements to the average amount of 13 millions, as the figures of the Clearing House show. This value of 13 millions, however, represents but a portion of the total values passed under the present system; each of the leading jobbers’ office is, in itself, a small clearing house; a large delivery of Turks, f.e., made to him on the one hand, might and is often compensated, by a counter delivery of Italians on the other side. It is impossible to arrive at the amount of stock actually passed on the settling day, but the experience of the writer’s own office shows that the nominal amount of stock passed exceed exceeds, by 3 or 4 ×, the cash balances adjusted.“
The hurry and confusion which attach to this system are therefore due to the fact that all bargains are adjusted between each actual buyer and seller, although the same bonds may have changed ownership many times during the „account“. Common sense would suggest that this cumberous plan might be obviated, as is done in the transfer of registered securities, by placing the original seller and the ultimate buyer in immediate communication. But in the Stock Exchange, as in all other businesses, the credit of individuals differs largely, and the broker who deals readily with one firm in £100,000 stock might be chary of dealing with others in £100. Brokers who transact large operations naturally object, therefore, to forego the security they have in dealing with first class firms, and do not care to accept payment instead from individuals of whose standing they are ignorant. This difficulty might be avoided by adopting the ordinary course of procedure in bill transactions – viz, rendering each endorser personally liable. Such rule once established, the first broker on the Stock Exchange could have no objection to accept the „name“ or „ticket“ of any member, knowing that in case of default of the ultimate buyer, he would have immediate redress from the parties to whom he originally sold, and with whose endorsements he accepted the ticket.|
28 November 1868.
The Money Market Review, 28. November 1868. S. 491/492.
Schließen
The recent Advance in the Money Market.
Zusatz von
Marx. Mit dem „lausigen Vorfall“ ist die Erhöhung der
Diskontrate der Bank of England von 2% auf 2,5%
gemeint.
Schließen In Bezug auf diesen lausigen Vorfall giebt
die
Money Market
Review folgende
Zusammenstellung:
Quarter ending Septem. 27, 1865. | Quarter ending Sept. 30, 1868. | Qr. endg. Nov. 25, 1868. | |
---|---|---|---|
Public Deposits | £5,968,000 | £3,948,000 | £5,428,000 |
Private Deposits | 14,652,000 | 20,529,000 | 18,103,000 |
Private Securities | 21,577,000 | 16,671,000 | 16,662,000 |
Gvt. Securities | 10,389,000 | 14,252,000 |