Aus:
The Economist, 9. Februar 1867. S. 145.
Schließen

Emigration from Ireland. (Communicated by T. E. Cliffe Leslie)

 Von Marx bereits zitiert in „Draft of a Speech on the ‚Fenian Question‘ for the Meeting of the General Council of the International Working Men’s Association, November 26, 1867“ (MEGA² I/21. S. 19.9–11).
Schließen After a loss of 2/5 of its population in 21 years, throughout most of the island the rate of wages is now only 1s. a day; a shilling does not go farther than 6d. did 21 years ago, and the man who earns it might earn 4 or 5sh. or more in America.

What is there in the diminution of the supply of labour to increase the demand? What is there in the loss of labour by employers in Ireland, and its gains gain by employers in America, to equalise the means of payment of both? Irish farmers, f.e. are not enriched by the increasing difficulty of getting hired labour at the very time that their children are leaving them; and the wages fund has been actually diminished in many localities by the disappearance of employers accordingly. The entire organisation of rural districts has been broken up, country towns have lost their customers, the shopkeeper has been driven to follow the farmer and the labourer, and the demand for labour in both country and town has been lessened, not increased, in many cases, by emigration.

That The the rise of wages produced by emigration ⦗so far as this has been done⦘ is no proof of prosperity, appears in the fact that it is in the poorest, and not in the most prosperous, parts of the island, that some kinds of skilled labour are now dearest, while other kinds are not forthcoming at all. The wages of masons and carpenters are higher in the West than in Antrim or Down, though the workmen are worse, and their services little in demand; building is dearer in Mayo, though stone and lime are abundant, than in parts of England where those materials are scarce. It is dearer, not because there is a great deal of building, but because there is very little; because there is a very limited demand for builders, and, therefore, a very limited supply of them; because few can pay the price of skilled labour; and it is, therefore, seldom employed, and hardly to be had. It is only by emptying the labour market, and depriving all but a few rich people of the assistance of labour, that emigration can raise wages considerably, or put a stop to itself, so long as people to emigrate remain. Farmers are not made wealthier or more enterprising by it; it does not create manufactures; on the contrary, it at once increases the difficulty of production, and diminishes the home demand for all articles produced.

Aus:
The Economist, 9. Februar 1867. S. 147/148.
Schließen

The Duke of Rutland’s Estates Estate

gives, wie sein Steward unterrichtet, nur 54,000£ jährliche Rente.

Aus:
The Economist, 9. Februar 1867. S. 158.
Schließen

The Manufacturing Districts.

Wolverhampton. The leading houses are receiving a few more orders from large home buyers, and there are also orders coming, but not to a large extent, from the East Indies, Brazil, and the Un. States, though far short of sufficient to keep the works fully employed. The hardware trades are considerably depressed.